It is known that humanity is a specific socio-biological species, despite its development on the basis of general social laws, it is divided into several specific groups. As a result of the evolutionary progress in the society of all mankind located on the world map, and due to the influence of social factors, it began to be divided into certain social groups and units. A specific goal of the people of a social unit is the commonality of customs, language, or territory.

This article is devoted to the introduction of inclusive education in the educational system, the role of inclusive education in Uzbekistan and foreign countries, its application, the study of education on the basis of equality of children with disabilities together with healthy children. Collaborative training of children and healthy children in need of special care is a complex and time-consuming process, while there are advantages of inclusive education for both disabled and non-disabled people. It is emphasized that inclusive education plays an important role in the successful social activities of children with disabilities.

This article explores the impact of structured play on the physical and psychological development of 5-6-year-olds with developmental delays. Structured play, designed with specific goals and objectives, is examined for its effectiveness in enhancing motor skills, cognitive function, and emotional well-being in young children facing developmental challenges. The study synthesizes research findings and practical insights, highlighting the significance of tailored play activities in fostering comprehensive development in this age group.

The article explores current trends in the field of education, focusing on the effectiveness of integrating virtual and distance learning methods in order to develop students' key competencies. The authors consider the advantages of using technology in the educational process, such as accessibility, flexibility and individualization of learning. The article emphasizes the importance of adapting educational programs to the requirements of the modern labor market and the need for students to develop skills appropriate to a dynamic information society. The practical aspects of integrating virtual platforms and online courses into the learning process are highlighted, as well as recommendations for optimizing this process to maximize the effectiveness of learning and student development. The article discusses the research results confirming the positive impact of the integration of virtual and distance learning on the formation of students' competencies, which makes it relevant for educational practitioners, researchers and heads of educational institutions.

This article explores the importance of developing creativity in future primary school teachers and provides strategies to nurture their creative potential. It emphasizes the significance of creativity in education, the incorporation of creative teaching methodologies in teacher education programs, the promotion of playfulness and curiosity, the value of collaboration and diverse perspectives, the integration of arts and technology, the cultivation of a growth mindset, and the creation of a supportive environment. By focusing on these aspects, aspiring primary school teachers can effectively inspire creativity in their students and prepare them for the demands of the 21st century.

This scientific article shows the socio-political situation in the Bukhara Khanate at the beginning of the 17th century, the weakening of the central authority, the positions of the landowners in the Khanate. Also, relations between Imam Quli Khan and Khoja Abdurakhim Joyboriy, one of the Ashtarkhan rulers, influence and prestige of Khoja Abdurakhim Joyboriy in the khanate, his trip to India and his services are explained.

The article "Theoretical and practical factors of educating students in the spirit of patriotism in the information society" examines the influence of various aspects of the educational process on the formation of patriotic activity among students in the modern information society. The authors pay attention to the theoretical foundations of education, as well as consider practical methods that contribute to the development of patriotism among students. The article offers an analysis of modern challenges and opportunities related to information technologies and assesses their impact on the formation of the national identity of the student audience. The results of the study provide valuable recommendations for educational institutions seeking to actively educate students in the spirit of patriotism, applying modern approaches and methods in an information society.

In these days, the problem of adapting students to the learning process in the educational process is scientifically relevant, because the growing body during its development with age often encounters new, unusual influences and conditions, and they require adaptation, first of all, to itself, and then to the environment.

In today's case, the educational process of students should be directed to the formation of an independent, initiative, creative and healthy person to fulfill the new social order.

This article discusses the development of fruit and vegetable clusters in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The author in his study points out the relevance of the problems associated with the development and implementation of fruit and vegetable clusters in different regions of the country. As part of the study, the author studied the experience of introducing fruit and vegetable clusters and the conditions for their improvement. The relevance of the research topic comes from its significance at the present time. In the course of the study, an analysis was carried out and recommendations were given for the effective use of the relevant clusters in the agriculture of Uzbekistan.

In this article, in order to prepare mentally retarded children for social household life, conduct correctional educational, educational, developmental work with disabled children, adapt them to the social society, use their opportunities, bring them to adulthood so that they can serve themselves and benefit the society to a certain extent. Attention is paid to the importance of the role of the family, which is one of the most urgent issues of every country.

In the present days, digital technology is a crucial  resource for a number of activities. The usage of gadgets are developing process for educational,  scientific or relaxation purposes. Technology gives an opportunity for the learners with fast access to any kind of data, rapid learning process and chances in order to gain enough  knowledge. Creating a captivating learning process may have a posative  effect on learners. While discussing traditional teaching styles to different digital technologies, extra choices for innovations , researches and  an interactive learning experience are supported. Different digital technologies have been utilized in ESL teaching over the past decades. This publication aims to investigate the methods of different digital technologies in improving the speaking skills of learners and educators.

The results show that  digital technology is a main factor to boost  learners' speaking abilities by developing their enthusiasm and competence in educational setting, as well as enhancing their engagement as a stimulating teaching tool.

The article examines the dynamics and evolution of the concept of academic freedom in higher education institutions throughout the historical period. The study covers the main stages of the formation of this principle, starting from its origin and development in the context of the history of higher education. The author analyzes the impact of socio-cultural and political changes on the perception and application of academic freedom, as well as its role in the formation of educational standards and values. The article also examines the challenges faced by the concept of academic freedom in the modern educational context and possible ways to improve it. The results obtained contribute to a deeper understanding of the evolution of academic freedom and its role in modern higher education.

In this article, if we analyze the essence of the value system and their place and importance in human life and activities, the importance of economic, political, spiritual activities and processes for society and social subjects, reflecting different aspects of life the views, ideas, doctrines, requirements and needs representing the problems and their solutions, and the considerations on the organization of the content of the valuable approach to determine the value of real processes.

The article reveals the problem of professional training of future primary school teachers to work in the inclusive environment of a comprehensive educational institution. Also, the methods of scientific research that are sufficiently used in solving the problem of formation of socio-pedagogical competence are highlighted.

In this article, the methods of memory development of students with mental retardation, the mechanism of implementation, the scientific views of foreign and local scientists on this issue are analyzed, and the proposed test samples for memory development are given.

The article is a study of conflicts caused by national identity in the context of a global scale. The author analyzes various aspects of the relationship of national identity with socio-cultural, political and economic processes, as well as identifies trends affecting the dynamics of conflicts. The article highlights cases from different regions of the world, which allows us to identify common patterns and unique features in the manifestation of conflicts based on national identity. Special attention is paid to the role of media, education and political leaders in the formation and intensification of conflicts of this type. The results of the study provide valuable practical and theoretical conclusions that contribute to a deeper understanding and effective management of conflicts related to national identity on the world stage.

This article analyzes some aspects of relations between the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and Uzbekistan. The article mainly uses recent historical sources          

The process of returning the body to normal after any workout is called recovery. Good recovery is the process that allows an athlete to recover from fatigue caused by training or competition and replenish their energy reserves. These days, athletes in most sports train very hard 2-3 times a day. In fact, players working for top clubs may have to play in an international cup match, a league match, a domestic cup match or their country's domestic match in the same week. This condition exposes athletes to the stress of travel as well as the physiological stress they experience during competition and training. Such strenuous training, competition and travel can cause a temporary decrease in the performance of athletes. Exerting before full recovery can lead to chronic fatigue in the athlete, and chronic fatigue can lead to injury. Physiological and psychological recovery of athletes must be programmed within training to avoid overtraining syndrome and achieve optimal results. For a long time, sports scientists and coaches have been trying to find the most suitable recovery method for athletes to achieve full recovery. Optimal performance is possible by maintaining a balance between load and recovery, so stretching, massage, immersion therapy at different temperatures, contrast baths or showers, aerobics. It should be used to speed up recovery after low-intensity activities such as running, swimming, pool walking, strenuous workouts or competitions. The creation and implementation of promising recovery programs will allow athletes to rest before subsequent training and competitions, and therefore will increase their competitive and training results. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of recovery on performance by examining recovery research in the literature and to serve as a reference for future research on this topic.

In present days, it is being done to activate the speech activity of future teachers, to raise a highly educated and intellectually developed generation, to create a reserve of competent scientific and pedagogical personnel in higher education institutions. If we consider the pedagogical theories of speech activity development, even though there are different didactic views, as well as even though preparing students for future activities is an integral part of their professional formation process, graduates of higher education institutions they face great difficulties in organizing, plus, it is clear that their communication competences are not sufficiently developed. This publication is devoted to the discussion of pedagogical aspects of speech activity development of future teachers.

The article "The role of legal education in the formation of responsible citizenship" examines the importance of legal education in the context of the development of responsible civic behavior. The author analyzes the influence of knowledge about laws, rights and duties on the formation of social responsibility of citizens. The article examines modern methods and approaches to the introduction of legal education into educational programs, and also assesses the effectiveness of such measures. Special attention is paid to the role of schools and universities in the formation of civic responsibility, as well as the prospects for the development of this area in the future. The results of the study can be useful for educational institutions, developers of legal education programs and those who care about the development of responsible citizenship in society.

In this article, within the framework of reforms in the field of spirituality in Uzbekistan, the formation of "Spirituality" as a separate science and the scientific definition of "spirituality" in dictionaries, many studies, popular scientific and journalistic works, books and pamphlets The advanced theories about the category's essence, social functions and importance in the development of society were studied, scientifically and philosophically analyzed and scientific opinions were given.

It is well known that physical activity has many benefits when performed at the levels and durations recommended by organizations. Physical inactivity and therefore certain diseases are on the rise worldwide. Many studies have shown that preventable diseases place a large financial burden on countries' healthcare systems and economies. In recent years, interest in the features of the built environment associated with physical activity has increased sharply. Creating supportive built environments in residential areas can be a strategy to increase physical activity in communities. Walkable neighborhoods are characterized by the presence of characteristics that promote physical activity, such as high housing density, diversity of land uses and routes, street connectivity, pedestrian infrastructure, traffic and crime safety, and aesthetics. Research has identified relationships between perceived and objectively measured characteristics of the built environment and physical activity in adults.

In Uzbekistan and in many countries of the world, family entrepreneurship is one of the most common areas; the development of this type of business has become a vital necessity for our country and is considered as one of the factors solving many social and economic problems. Also, based on various statistical data, it is stated that the protection of the rights and interests of family entrepreneurs and their development have become an issue at the level of state policy.

The article "The role of socio-pedagogical methods in the prevention of deviant behavior" examines an urgent problem of modern society — deviant behavior among children and adolescents. The authors analyze the effectiveness of socio-pedagogical methods in preventing and reducing deviant behavior among various age groups. The article discusses the main approaches and strategies used by social educators in working with children and adolescents prone to deviant behavior. Special attention is paid to the development and implementation of preventive programs, as well as to the assessment of their effectiveness in practice. The results of the study may be useful for specialists in the field of social pedagogy, psychology and education, as well as for a wide range of readers interested in the prevention of antisocial behavior among young people.

Alexander the Great, who marched to Central Asia in the temptation to become the ruler of the world, is convincingly depicted in the work that Alexander's dreams turned into a mirage due to the valiant struggle for freedom that the Sugdians, Scythians, Masgates, Sakas and Daxians united against him. The writer has truthfully shown that war is an unprecedented disaster for humanity, that neither its victims nor those who ignited its fire can win.

This study examines how successfully improving the four language skills and proficiency of English language learners can be achieved by employing an integrative approach. Generally speaking, teaching reading is linked to teaching writing, vocabulary, and speaking skills in the context of modern language learning. Integrating language proficiency with communication culture is important when teaching language skills. This will enable students to enhance both their language proficiency and communication skills simultaneously. These needed to be equally authentic and focused on interactions, allowing students to use their language skills for meaningful and productive communication. Students are expected to take on different roles to meet the objectives of an integrated language-learning approach. Additionally, many factors make effective integrated language learning practices difficult to implement in the classroom. For an integrated approach to language learning to effectively use the factors, they must therefore be recognized and addressed. The major goal of this article is to identify the variables that influence the application of this methodology.

This article presents the importance of cultural and artistic events in the spiritual and moral education of students, as well as the effectiveness of their activities and some aspects of problems in the education system.

Internal load is the reaction of the body as a result of the physiological and psychological stress of athletes during training or competition. Response to training must be continually monitored by trainers and/or practitioners to ensure effective performance. There are many methods for assessing internal load monitoring. These methods can be used in the field and laboratory. With the rapid development of technology and sports science, new devices and ideas are emerging every day. Applications that were previously only run in a lab environment are now so simple that they can be run using an app on your watch or phone. These innovations bring many benefits to sports scientists and practitioners. Team and individual sports practitioners should develop training programs using these methods.

There may be individual differences, especially in team sports. During the same training session, athletes may exhibit different physiological responses. It is known that these differences can reduce the effectiveness of training and lead to injury and illness. Moreover, these assessments become even more important in sports such as football, where there can be periods of intense competition. Therefore, this review aims to assist sport scientists and practitioners by providing a comprehensive discussion on the formulation and assessment of internal loads during exercise.

The article discusses the expression of ethnic identity in the relationship between mother and child, the differences in approaches that reflect the priority strategy of mothers belonging to two ethnic groups in their relationship with their children. Also, in the article, the research methods, comparative approaches, and empirical data are presented.

This article delves into the transformation of biodegradable cellophane from waste to resource through composting and recycling. It explores the compostability of biodegradable cellophane, the recycling processes, the environmental implications of these waste management strategies, and the challenges and future prospects in this domain. The focus is on how biodegradable cellophane, as a sustainable packaging option, can be efficiently returned to the ecosystem or repurposed, thereby closing the loop in the product lifecycle and contributing to a circular economy.

This paper explores the critical role of museum and exhibition activities as a factor in organizing the educational process. Museums and exhibitions serve as valuable resources for facilitating experiential learning, fostering critical thinking, and enhancing the overall educational experience. By providing students with direct access to historical artifacts, scientific discoveries, works of art, and cultural heritage, these institutions offer a unique and immersive learning environment that complements traditional classroom instruction.

The research delves into the various ways in which museum and exhibition activities can be integrated into educational curricula across different academic disciplines. It examines the impact of such integration on students' engagement, knowledge retention, and interdisciplinary understanding. Furthermore, the paper discusses the utilization of technology and interactive exhibits to enhance the educational value of museum and exhibition visits, making them more accessible and engaging for diverse student populations.

In addition, the study investigates the collaborative partnerships between educational institutions and museums, highlighting best practices and successful models for incorporating museum resources into formal learning settings. It also addresses the challenges and considerations in developing effective museum-based educational programs, such as logistical constraints, funding, and curriculum alignment.

Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and empirical evidence, this research aims to provide insights into the potential benefits and practical strategies for leveraging museum and exhibition activities as a catalyst for enriching the educational process. Ultimately, it advocates for the continued exploration and utilization of these cultural institutions to enhance the holistic development of students and promote lifelong learning.

This article analyzes the novel "Abu Rayhan Beruni" by the people's writer of Uzbekistan Isajon Sultan. During the analysis, the peculiarities of the author's interpretation of the image of Abu Rayhan Beruni are discussed. Some comments are made about the proportionality of historical truth and artistic texture. At the end of the analysis, a conclusion is given.

The readiness of the schools and the proficiency levels of the students are related to the teaching of English in primary schools. The schools will be prepared to teach English if they have an adequate number of English teachers, media, and textbooks. This is because students in primary schools typically range in age from 6 to 12 years old, and this is thought to be the optimal time for learning. It is consistent with the fundamental idea that younger students learn English more effectively. Primary English instruction has advantages as well as difficulties. This article addresses the problem by outlining its advantages and disadvantages in light of theories and research findings. It then suggests some workarounds for these issues, which can serve as guidelines for educational institutions offering top-notch English instruction.

This article explores the methodological foundations crucial for fostering and nurturing the professional motivation of cadets in military higher training institutions. It delves into the multifaceted aspects of motivation, identifying key factors that influence and shape a cadet's dedication and commitment to their professional growth within the military sphere. By examining various methodologies, educational approaches, and psychological frameworks, this study aims to propose effective strategies and techniques to enhance and sustain the cadet's professional motivation. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing practices and theoretical foundations, this research endeavors to provide valuable insights into optimizing the development of professional motivation among cadets in military educational settings.

In this article, the author presented his research results on the biography of Zakhiriddin Babur (1483 – 1530). Over his 47 years, this talented man left a colossal mark on history and literature. Interesting facts about life and creativity are presented in our article.

Childhood, especially early childhood, is one of the most important periods in a person’s life. During this period of rapid development, the foundations of character education are laid, which will play an important role in the future lives of children, the infrastructure of their cognitive future is formed, they begin to perceive the environment, worldviews and emotions are highly developed. This period, which is directly related to the future life of a person, should be managed very well, awareness should be created among families and education should be planned accordingly. This study uses sports pedagogy and psychomotor development of children, including the processes of mental and physical development, Freud's psychoanalytic theory, Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, Piaget's theory of cognitive development, Robert Havighurst's theory of development, Arnold Gesel's theory of maturation. Social learning theory and Bandura's theory were reviewed. The study paid special attention to psychomotor and developmental theories, as well as their descriptive analysis from the point of view of sports pedagogy. Another issue of sports pedagogy is related to the cognitive and mental development of children. As a result of the study, we drew attention to the fact that families and schools, especially the ministry and our athletes, have a great responsibility to ensure maximum preparation for sports life.

This article provides information about the attention given by our country to the healthy lifestyle of students with intellectual disabilities, as well as their orientation to a healthy lifestyle, the formation of the concept of Health in the mind that is an important place in human life.          

This article explores the possibilities of managing information systems using SeCube, an advanced information security management system. It delves into how SeCube can streamline and enhance various aspects of information system management, including risk assessment, policy enforcement, incident response, and compliance monitoring. The focus is on SeCube’s diverse functionalities that enable organizations to maintain robust information security protocols while ensuring operational efficiency. This exploration aims to provide insights into the benefits and practical applications of SeCube in the management of complex information systems across different industries.

The results show that  digital technology is a main factor to boost  learners' speaking abilities by developing their enthusiasm and competence in educational setting, as well as enhancing their engagement as a stimulating teaching tool.

The article explores the philosophical aspects of youth's perception of freedom and responsibility in the context of drug use. The authors analyze the philosophical concepts of freedom and consider them in the light of the modern challenges faced by young people in the field of drugs. The article offers a reflection on how philosophical principles can influence individual decisions of young people regarding drug use and what social and cultural factors shape their views. Ultimately, the article aims to enrich the discussion on the importance of understanding the philosophical aspects of freedom and responsibility when analyzing youth's drug choices, as well as to suggest possible ways to develop philosophically sound strategies in the field of prevention and recovery.

The ability to communicate efficaciously in the English language is a key thing in a modern-day globalized society. But, many non-native audio systems encounter numerous difficulties when studying the language, in particular in the starting tiers. One most important undertaking is understanding the nuances of pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. The complexity of English syntax and grammar may be overwhelming, requiring an enormous amount of effort and time to master. Additionally, the sheer range of English words and their varied meanings, context, and utilization can be daunting. Other elements that could make mastering English difficult consist of the lack of publicity to the local audio systems, limited get right of entry to sources, and the difficulties in adapting to new cultural norms. Despite these challenges, persistence and dedication to gaining knowledge of the language can lead to super verbal exchange competencies in English.

Today, kindness is perceived only as helping someone. Kindness is not done only as material support. Kindness is what a person offers and shares goodness and beauty with himself, his immediate environment and society at large. One of the social activities that a person can offer to himself and society is exercise and sports. Sports activities are carried out in all societies to achieve various goals. Sports events are a topic that people all over the world talk about, discuss and raise on social media. Research shows that the goals of participation in sports activities vary depending on society and individual. As a profession, sports activities are carried out with the aim of achieving and maintaining health, efficient use of free time, reducing stress and psychological peace, creating a friendly environment, increasing awareness, increasing productivity and social communication. Today, according to the World Health Organization, about 60% of the world's population does not meet the recommended minimum daily physical activity. All over the world, health problems associated with a sedentary lifestyle pose a threat to society and individual health. One of the factors that creates and ensures the physical, mental and social well-being of people is sport and physical exercise. All sports and physical activities are dominated by values such as goodness, beauty, happiness, responsibility and mutual assistance. You can have a physically fresh, healthy and beautiful body through sports. Getting out of stress and a stressful environment for a short time, relaxation, gaining a sense of success and self-confidence are the psychological foundations of sports. Social cohesion, friendship and socialization can be attributed to the social effects and benefits of sport in building a democratic society. This study discussed in this context is a qualitative study, a theoretical study resulting from a literature review. This is to show that sport is an activity that promotes a state of virtue and well-being. In this context, exercise should be perceived as a physical benefit for oneself and society.

This article analyzes the tasks of speech development of students with mental retardation, the mechanism of implementation of development, the scientific views of foreign and local scientists on this issue.

This article examines the urgent need for the development of cognitive competence in primary school students of modern schools. The main focus is on the formation of children's creative abilities, including stimulating creative thinking, solving atypical tasks and creatively expressing ideas. The importance of developing the ability to learn is emphasized, including information analysis, independent problem solving, and providing students with opportunities for independent work and research projects.

This article explores the vital theme of educating youth in the spirit of patriotism. Patriotism, as a deep love and devotion to one's country, plays a crucial role in shaping the values and behaviors of individuals and societies. The article discusses the multifaceted nature of patriotism, emphasizing its significance in fostering unity, civic engagement, and cultural preservation. It highlights the importance of instilling patriotism in young minds, as it contributes to the well-being and prosperity of nations in our interconnected and diverse world. Strategies for educating youth in patriotism are outlined, including quality civics education, celebrating national symbols, promoting community service, and modeling patriotic values. Ultimately, the article underscores the importance of nurturing patriotism in the youth, recognizing it as a foundational element for building strong and cohesive societies.

The article presents a system of factors that allows us to reflect specific features and conduct a qualitative analysis of the sustainability of development of organizations in the chemical complex. A qualitative assessment of the institutional and competitive environment of chemical industry enterprises, the level of intra-industry cooperation, suppliers and consumers is given. An analysis of the internal potential of chemical enterprises was carried out, including the features of production processes, organizational and managerial factors, innovative activity, marketing, financial activities, etc. The presented factors of sustainable development of enterprises must be taken into account when justifying their development strategy.          

The article aims to explore the organizing of cultural materials, to analyze differences and similarities of cultural aspects and to find the main features of aspects of cultural materials.

The article explores the relationship of social innovations with innovations in various fields, revealing their interaction and influence on each other. The author analyzes the essence of social innovations, considering their role in public space and their impact on improving the quality of life. Special attention is paid to the interaction of social innovations with technological, economic and cultural innovations. The article offers a systematic approach to understanding innovations, considering them as interrelated elements contributing to social development. As a result of the research, the mechanisms of the influence of social innovations on innovations in other areas, as well as the reverse effect, are revealed. It is noted that the synergy between different types of innovations can accelerate the pace of social progress and contribute to the sustainable development of society. The conclusions and recommendations presented in the article can be useful for researchers, practitioners and decision makers seeking to understand and maximize the impact of social innovation in the context of social development and creating an enabling environment for innovation in various fields.

When we talk about the historical monuments related to the way of life, faith and worship of the people living in the agricultural oases of the region and the adjacent steppes, we see that there are a number of shrines in the surroundings of Sovot, one of the mountainous villages of the historical Ustrushona. In particular, when we analyzed the information about Khojamushkent father's shrine, which is known and famous to all the people of Uzbekistan, located in this area, we noticed that the information about this shrine is found in the information of a number of researchers.

The article is devoted to the problem of developing communication skills in children with early childhood autism syndrome. A brief description of developmental approaches is given, such skills show the importance of working not only with children, but also with their families, in various pedagogical and psychological fields.

The Ferghana Valley has long been recognized for its rich history and abundant natural resources, particularly its significant role in the development of the oil industry. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive historical account of the oil industry in the Ferghana Valley during the period of the Kokand Khanate and the subsequent colonial era.

The study begins by delving into the early developments of oil extraction and production in the region, highlighting the traditional methods employed by local communities and the cultural significance of oil within the society. It then examines the impact of the Kokand Khanate on the oil industry, exploring the influence of the Khanate's administration and policies on the production and trade of oil.

Furthermore, the paper investigates the transformative effects of the colonial era, during which the Ferghana Valley fell under the influence of various external powers. It analyzes the introduction of modern technologies, infrastructural developments, and the establishment of colonial oil companies, shedding light on their role in shaping the industry and its relationship with the local populace.

Moreover, the study evaluates the socio-economic implications of the colonial period on the oil industry, including changes in labor practices, trade dynamics, and the integration of the Ferghana Valley into global oil markets. It also addresses the environmental impact of increased oil extraction and the responses of local communities to these changes.

By examining primary sources, historical records, and scholarly works, this paper seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the oil industry in the Ferghana Valley. It aims to contribute to the broader discourse on the historical development of oil industries in regions with similar historical and geographical contexts, offering insights into the complex interplay between local traditions, imperial ambitions, and global economic forces.

The article is devoted to the study of an important aspect of the modern educational process - the interaction of universities and the state in the context of the development of social activity of students. The author analyzes the role of universities as centers for the formation of active citizenship and social responsibility of students. The article examines the mechanisms of interaction between universities and government agencies, as well as programs and initiatives aimed at stimulating the social activity of the student community. The study draws attention to the impact of such interaction on the formation of leadership qualities, the development of professional skills and the enrichment of students' socio-cultural experience. The author highlights successful practices and innovative approaches that contribute to effective cooperation between universities and the state in promoting the social activity of student youth, and offers recommendations for strengthening this interaction in order to create a sustainable and diversified educational space.

This study delves into the intricate interplay between employee placement, work environment, motivation, and productivity within organizational settings. Titled "Harmony at Work: Examining the Influence of Employee Placement and Work Environment on Motivation and Productivity," the research navigates the dynamics that shape employee performance. Through a comprehensive analysis, this study aims to uncover key insights that contribute to the cultivation of a harmonious workplace, fostering motivation and enhancing overall productivity.

To get the public to accept certain ideas and bring about the necessary changes in thinking and behavior, social campaigns are needed that will have a wide impact. Marketing is essential to organizing an effective social campaign. Marketing activities organized with the aim of creating positive behavioral changes in society and adoption of a social message in this regard come under the scope of social marketing. Countries are trying to popularize sports through social outreach activities because the demand for sports increases and because the increase in demand for sports improves public health by increasing the number of people participating in sports in the community. People are expected to develop a healthy lifestyle, improve their lifestyle and exhibit positive behavior in this regard by avoiding risky behaviour. It should be aimed at identifying people's attitudes towards sports and changing their behavior in accordance with these existing attitudes. Changing the network of social relations that make up the structure of society and the institutions that define them is important for social change. The change may be small or large, significant or insignificant. What matters is how the changes will affect society. To change the behavior of people who consider physical activity useful but do not practice it, to change existing misconceptions and attitudes towards sports, to connect people’s daily activities with physical exercise, and to increase the ability to engage in physical education. the role of sport in reducing violence in society, it is necessary to conduct a good analysis of the community and create an action plan. Social sports marketing needs to be planned and implemented. Since society is inherently resistant to change, collaboration with social anthropologists, increased private sector and public support for social sport marketing, involvement of opinion leaders in physical activities that can impact society, and presentation are required. For children who are far from studying military discipline, fun and interesting sports activities in the classroom are the key to success.

This article focuses on the development of lexical competence of future foreign language teachers in the process of professional training: reading literary texts, working with vocabulary, reading works rich in different plots, linguistic, grammatical, linguistic-cultural, stylistic, is devoted to the importance of the role of literary works, which are permanent custodians of socio-cultural information.

This article contains suggestions, conclusions and important ideas for further clarification of the meaning of listening to music, as well as the formation of a systematic approach to students' musical knowledge in the process of musical performance and the development of musical creative abilities in this complex process.

Ustrushana, a historical region nestled in the heart of Central Asia, has long intrigued scholars and historians. Despite its rich history and strategic location along the Silk Road, Ustrushana remains a relatively understudied area in the field of Central Asian studies. This article aims to shed light on this enigmatic region by delving into the written sources that provide valuable insights into its past. Drawing upon a diverse range of historical texts, including ancient chronicles, travelogues, and diplomatic records, we explore the history, culture, and significance of Ustrushana in the context of Central Asian history.

Sports psychology studies the psychological foundations, processes and effects of sport. Sports psychology involves the scientific study of human behavior in sport and exercise, and the practical application of this knowledge in the context of sport and exercise. Moreover, this structure of sports psychology, which includes both science and practice, can be traced since the development of sports psychology as a science. It is also considered very useful for assessing and developing sports skills by improving psychological development or sports performance, as well as by maximizing the performance of athletes in competitive situations. Along with these psychological advances in modern sports, there has also been significant progress in sports psychology research. This is a lot of new research; It not only covered a wide range of topics of scientific and practical importance in the field, but also included other areas of sports and health sciences, as well as various areas of psychology. In such an environment, a critical element of developing knowledge in any area of research is regular reflection, reflection and feedback. This task is usually accomplished through a literature review. General information about literary sources; Literature review; It serves as the first tool for organizing, restructuring and creating a certain structure of the subject. It also guides future research, lays the foundation for further progress, and serves as a guide. In this study, we attempted to provide a starting point for future research by briefly discussing the development of sport psychology from the past to the present, research topics, and methods used in sport psychology research.        

This article explores the chemical innovations driving the production of compostable cellophane materials. It discusses the advancements in polymer chemistry that have enabled the development of cellophane materials with enhanced compostability. The focus is on the synthesis of biodegradable polymers, the incorporation of environmentally friendly additives, and the overall impact of these innovations on the sustainability of cellophane. The article also examines the challenges in balancing compostability with material performance and the implications for the packaging industry.

The article "The axiological aspect of extracurricular work as a means of developing responsibility" examines the role and importance of axiological aspects in the process of extracurricular activities in the educational environment. The emphasis is on the influence of value orientations and moral principles on the formation of responsibility among students. The authors of the study offer an analysis of modern methods and approaches used to introduce axiological aspects into pedagogical practice, and also discuss the results of their impact on increasing the level of responsibility of schoolchildren. The article provides practical recommendations for teachers aimed at optimizing extracurricular activities, taking into account value aspects, in order to promote the formation of a responsible and harmoniously developing individual.

This research investigates the influence of the Credit-Unit System on the academic preparedness of dental students. The Credit-Unit System, a prevalent educational structure, is examined for its impact on the learning outcomes, curriculum efficiency, and overall academic readiness of students pursuing dental education. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, interviews, and academic performance analysis, the study aims to provide valuable insights into the strengths and challenges associated with the Credit-Unit System in dental education.

The article describes the scientific information about some aspects and their solutions in the development of the competence of solving problems and exercises of biology students taught in secondary schools.

The relevance, significance, and important aspects of implementing environmental education in a specialized school for children with special educational needs are highlighted in the article. The correctional role of environmental education in a specialized school for children with special educational needs, and the importance of interdisciplinarity in its implementation are shown.

The article discusses the formation of young people's ideas about family life and the specific characteristics of these ideas, as well as their importance in preparing young people for family life.