Internal load is the reaction of the body as a result of the physiological and psychological stress of athletes during training or competition. Response to training must be continually monitored by trainers and/or practitioners to ensure effective performance. There are many methods for assessing internal load monitoring. These methods can be used in the field and laboratory. With the rapid development of technology and sports science, new devices and ideas are emerging every day. Applications that were previously only run in a lab environment are now so simple that they can be run using an app on your watch or phone. These innovations bring many benefits to sports scientists and practitioners. Team and individual sports practitioners should develop training programs using these methods.

There may be individual differences, especially in team sports. During the same training session, athletes may exhibit different physiological responses. It is known that these differences can reduce the effectiveness of training and lead to injury and illness. Moreover, these assessments become even more important in sports such as football, where there can be periods of intense competition. Therefore, this review aims to assist sport scientists and practitioners by providing a comprehensive discussion on the formulation and assessment of internal loads during exercise.

Training monitoring, training load, internal load

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