This article examines the historical aspects of the emergence of lithography, its technical characteristics and influence on the development of art and polygraphy. Particular attention is paid to the role of lithography in the mass production of images in the 19th century and its transformation into modern offset printing. The reasons for the popularity of lithography among graphic artists and its importance in modern conditions are also analyzed.

The emergence of women's organizations in the Republic of Karakalpakstan and the specifics of the activities of women's public organizations in each region. The initial state of these deserts is also compared with their current activities.

The article discusses the role of publicistic lyricism in literature, conducts academic research on lyricism, considers scholarly opinions about poetry, and provides feedback.

The article describes ways to use Wordwall software and teach mathematics using the Wordwall platform. Recommendations are given on the effective organization of students' learning through the use of digital technologies in the process of teaching mathematics. In order to further increase students' interest in science through the Wordwall program, information is given on the use of several advantages of the program in the course of the lesson.  

This article analyzes the impact of mobbing and bullying on corporate relations, their investigation causes, and the process of drawing relevant conclusions. Mobbing refers to an ethical and psychological influence within the organization, while bullying represents a form of individual harassment. The consequences of mobbing and bullying in the workplace, their disruptions, and the associated legal and international issues are discussed, along with ways to address these problems. The importance of corporate codes, active participation of leadership, and specialized institutions in preserving employee well-being and maintaining organizational integrity is emphasized.

The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced the field of education, particularly in foreign language acquisition. This article explores the innovations and impacts of AI tools in enhancing language learning processes. AI technologies, including machine learning, natural language processing, and speech recognition, have introduced personalized and adaptive learning experiences tailored to individual needs. These tools address key challenges in traditional methodologies, such as catering to diverse proficiency levels and enabling continuous, self-paced learning. 

AI-powered platforms and applications, such as chatbots, virtual tutors, and language learning apps, provide learners with opportunities to practice speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills in an engaging and interactive manner. By simulating real-life scenarios, these tools foster communicative competence and reduce the anxiety often associated with language practice. Furthermore, the 24/7 accessibility of AI tools allows learners to study independently, transcending geographical and time constraints. 

This article also examines the broader implications of AI in education, highlighting the advantages for both learners and educators. While AI enhances learner autonomy, it also offers educators data-driven insights to better understand student progress and tailor instruction accordingly. However, the adoption of AI in language learning is not without challenges. Concerns regarding data privacy, ethical considerations, and the potential loss of human interaction in education are critical issues that require attention. 

By evaluating the innovations, benefits, and limitations of AI tools in foreign language education, this article aims to provide insights into how these technologies can be effectively integrated to foster more efficient and inclusive language learning environments.  

This article is dedicated to the study of the professional activity of the first symphony conductor from Karakalpakstan, Aida Abdullaeva, whose creative activity is closely linked to the development of musical culture in Uzbekistan. Her achievements in conducting, particularly the leadership of the symphony orchestra, as well as her active role in the cultural life of the region, are considered. This article will tell you about the profession of a conductor, his mastery.

Encouraging effective initiatives of students in higher education institutions is one of the most important issues for the development of society today. After all, youth is recognized as the most important resource that shapes the future of any country. The specific development of incentive mechanisms is very relevant in order to increase the efficiency of higher education and strengthen the role of students in the process of training specialists with scientific potential, initiative and innovative outlook. In this regard, this article discusses modern approaches to promoting and supporting student initiatives, scientific and theoretical foundations, foreign experience and technologies for their implementation in practice. Scientific literature, regulatory legal documents and modern scientific and theoretical sources were widely used.  

This article explores the potential benefits and opportunities associated with increasing local budget revenues by focusing on the socioeconomic development of a particular region. The aim is to highlight the positive impact of socio-economic initiatives on the financial well-being of local governments.

This comprehensive review examines the hazards of irrational decision-making, focusing on the cognitive biases and risks that influence human choices. Despite advancements in decision theory, individuals frequently make choices that deviate from rationality due to various psychological and cognitive biases. The review explores key biases, including confirmation bias, anchoring bias, overconfidence, and loss aversion, and investigates how these cognitive distortions affect decision-making processes in both personal and professional contexts. Additionally, the review delves into the consequences of these irrational choices, such as suboptimal decision outcomes, economic inefficiencies, and social implications. By synthesizing findings from behavioral economics, psychology, and neuroscience, the paper highlights the mechanisms behind irrational decision-making and proposes strategies for mitigating its effects. The goal is to offer a deeper understanding of how cognitive biases shape human judgment and provide insights for improving decision-making through awareness and intervention.        

The article focuses on analyzing the issues related to the organization of psychological services in universities across Central Asia, based on the results of an expert survey conducted in 2024. The objective of the study was to conduct an in-depth examination of the current state and needs for psychological support for students and staff at universities in the region. The main focus is on assessing the necessity of establishing specialized psychological services, defining their functions and priorities, and identifying barriers hindering their effective functioning. Experts from universities in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan participated in the survey.