This article discusses the essence of the concept of healthy thinking, methods for improving healthy thinking, principles, directions of healthy thinking, and individual characteristics of thinking.

This paper examines the historical and contemporary impacts of capitalism, colonialism, and economic paradigms on global inequality and poverty. It highlights how the wealth of powerful nations, such as those in Europe, has been built on exploitation through colonialism, slavery, and resource extraction. The industrial revolution, fueled by capitalism, brought about economic growth in these regions but also led to severe environmental degradation and human suffering. The paper critiques modern economic paradigms that fail to account for these historical injustices, presenting a misleading roadmap for developing countries. It explores the unequal distribution of wealth, the role of multinational corporations, and the persistence of neocolonial practices. Furthermore, the study connects poverty and inequality to violence, migration, and restricted access to healthcare, particularly in marginalized regions. The conclusion asserts that economic growth models for poorer nations overlook the foundational violence and exploitation that enabled the wealth of the West, calling for a more honest reckoning with history in shaping global economic policies.

This article discusses the integration of cyber pedagogy, one of the hot topics of the 21st century. By combining different disciplines such as computer science, media literacy, and information technology, teachers can help students develop properly in online and offline education in a world based on digital technology. It is explained that it provides the necessary knowledge and skills.

Using аnimаtiоn in tеасhing соmрlеx еnvirоnmеntаl tорiсs саn signifiсаntly еnhаnсе studеnt undеrstаnding аnd еngаgеmеnt. This аrtiсlе еxрlоrеs thе bеst рrасtiсеs fоr tеасhеrs tо inсоrроrаtе аnimаtiоn intо thеir еnvirоnmеntаl еduсаtiоn сurriсulum еffесtivеly. It fосusеs оn thе strаtеgiеs thаt саn mаkе аnimаtеd соntеnt а роwеrful tооl fоr еxрlаining есоlоgiсаl соnсерts, suсh аs сlimаtе сhаngе, саrbоn сyсlеs, аnd biоdivеrsity, whiсh аrе оftеn сhаllеnging fоr studеnts tо understand. Thе аrtiсlе аlsо рrоvidеs рrасtiсаl tiрs оn sеlесting аррrорriаtе аnimаtiоns, intеgrаting thеm intо lеssоns, аnd using thеm tо fоstеr сritiсаl thinking аnd асtivе lеаrning. By аdорting thеsе bеst рrасtiсеs, tеасhеrs саn сrеаtе а dynаmiс аnd intеrасtivе lеаrning еnvirоnmеnt thаt mоtivаtеs studеnts tо dеvеlор а dеереr аррrесiаtiоn fоr еnvirоnmеntаl issuеs.

This study investigates the complex relationship between parental monitoring and adolescent self-disclosure, aiming to determine whether parental monitoring serves as a bridge fostering open communication or as a barrier hindering it. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, we surveyed 300 adolescents aged 12 to 18 and conducted in-depth interviews with 30 participants to explore their perceptions of parental monitoring practices and their willingness to share personal information. Quantitative data were analyzed using regression analysis, revealing that certain forms of parental monitoring, particularly those characterized by supportive communication, are positively correlated with higher levels of self-disclosure among adolescents. Conversely, overly intrusive monitoring was associated with reduced self-disclosure. Qualitative insights underscored the importance of trust and open dialogue in facilitating healthy parent-adolescent relationships. The findings suggest that while parental monitoring is crucial for adolescent development, its effectiveness depends significantly on the nature of the monitoring practices employed. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics between parents and adolescents in the context of communication, providing implications for fostering more effective parental engagement strategies.         

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the evolution of visual arts in Uzbekistan during the period of independence, examining the cultural and artistic transformations that have shaped the nation's contemporary art scene. A particular focus is given to the career and creative journey of renowned artist Nodira Oripova, whose works exemplify the spirit and artistic innovation of this era. By exploring the unique stylistic elements and thematic depth of Oripova's oeuvre, this study highlights how her art reflects both national identity and individual expression, contributing significantly to the discourse of modern Uzbek visual arts.

This article emphasises the significance of interdisciplinary integration in enhancing the competencies of future primary education teachers for comprehensive evaluation of education quality, thereby expanding their capabilities. It outlines methods to help teachers better understand the complex factors influencing educational outcomes.

This article describes the philosophical and mystical views of Jalaluddin Rumi on the ego and ways to manage it. The fact that a person needs a strong will to overcome the ego, and that a person who has overcome it can achieve true spiritual perfection, is explained by Rumi's Sharia and his thoughts in it.

This article discusses the essence of the concept of body language, the history of its development as a subject, classification of gestures, non-verbal speech, and provides information on whether non-verbal signals are innate or acquired, whether they are transmitted genetically or acquired in some other way.

This research examines strategies to enhance technology transfer from foreign companies to local businesses in Mexico to boost income and employment. Despite significant foreign direct investment (FDI), Mexico has seen limited improvements in wages and high-skill job opportunities. The study will find solutions to identified problems including the dominance of foreign firms, which contribute to these challenges. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, the research will collect data from 15 local and foreign companies, focusing on patent purchases, staff qualifications, and intellectual property charges. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) will be used to analyze the relationships between education, human capital, and firm performance in facilitating technology transfer. The findings will inform policy recommendations to improve local productivity, wages, and Mexico's competitiveness in the global economy.

The establishment of the Fund of the Directorate of Art Exhibitions of Uzbekistan was historically linked to the creation of the Academy of Arts of the USSR. In 1947, the All-Russian Academy of Arts was transformed into the Academy of Arts of the USSR in order to promote the development of fine arts in the USSR. The main tasks of the Academy were to ensure the sustainable growth and development of Soviet fine arts in all its forms, to actively support the development of artists' creativity, to work out issues of art theory and history, to develop Soviet fine arts, and to train and educate creative specialists (painters and graphic artists).

This study examines the impact of U.S. health policies on out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures, revealing that certain policies are notably more effective in reducing costs for individuals. The regression model explains 99.5% of the variation in out-of-pocket expenses (R² = 0.995). Key findings show the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) as the most impactful, reducing costs by $0.43 per unit (β = -0.426, p = 0.007), followed by COVID-19 Response and Health Policy Changes (CRHPC), which reduces costs by $0.16 (β = -0.162, p = 0.019). Government Expenditure on Health, however, has a positive impact, increasing out-of-pocket spending by $0.69 per dollar spent (β = 0.695, p = 0.001), suggesting inefficiencies. Inflation also drives costs up, with each 1% increase resulting in an additional $0.02 out-of-pocket (β = 0.017, p = 0.032). The findings recommend focusing on high-impact policies like the IRA and CRHPC, while reevaluating lower-impact programs to optimize resource allocation and control healthcare inflation.

This article provides information about the reforms in the judicial system as a result of the socio-political processes that took place in Turkestan in the first quarter of the 20th century and the decrees adopted by the Soviets as a result of replacing the old judicial system with a new one and their historical significance.

This article is devoted to the problem of unity, which is the subtlest and mysterious problem related to existence, widespread in Muslim oriental philosophical schools. The problem of Wahdat al-Wujud (the existence of God), along with its pluralistic nature in Eastern philosophy, tried to shed light on the extremely ignorant approaches put forward by extremely fanatical trends and sects, their quality as a weapon of the dominant political ideology. The article reveals a subject in the philosophical heritage of the great thinker Alisher Navoi with very simple examples, with examples from the works of enlightenment, mysticism, and provides scientific and analytical conclusions.

At a time when the scope of social management in New Uzbekistan is expanding and its importance is increasing in various fields, the concept of a fractal approach to optimizing social management processes in the social sciences is widely studied on the basis of scientific analytical findings.

This article explores the significance of developing phraseological competence in English language lessons for students in grades 5-9. It highlights the importance of idiomatic expressions, collocations, and fixed phrases in achieving effective communication and language proficiency. The article presents various technological tools, including interactive learning platforms, digital storytelling tools, online phraseology resources, video and multimedia resources, and mobile applications, that can enhance students’ understanding and use of phraseological units. Practical classroom examples illustrate how these technologies can be integrated into lesson plans to foster engagement and collaboration among students. Ultimately, the article underscores the role of educators in equipping students with the necessary skills to navigate the complexities of the English language, preparing them for success in diverse contexts.

Аrtificiаl Intеlligеncе (АI) hаs rеvоlutiоnizеd vаriоus sеctоrs, including еducаtiоn, by рrоviding innоvаtivе tооls tо еnhаncе lеаrning аnd аssеssmеnt рrоcеssеs. In tеаchеr еducаtiоn, АI-bаsеd fоrmаtivе аnd summаtivе аssеssmеnts оffеr significаnt аdvаntаgеs, such аs реrsоnаlizеd fееdbаck, еfficiеncy, оbjеctivity, аnd аdарtаbility. Fоrmаtivе аssеssmеnts аllоw еducаtоrs tо gаugе studеnt рrоgrеss in rеаl-timе аnd аdарt thеir instructiоn аccоrdingly, whilе summаtivе аssеssmеnts еnsurе cоmрrеhеnsivе еvаluаtiоn оf lеаrning оutcоmеs. Hоwеvеr, intеgrаting АI intо tеаchеr еducаtiоn аlsо рrеsеnts chаllеngеs. Thеsе includе dаtа рrivаcy cоncеrns, thе роtеntiаl fоr оvеr-rеliаncе оn tеchnоlоgy, lаck оf cоntеxtuаl undеrstаnding by АI systеms, аnd thе nееd fоr tеаchеrs tо аcquirе digitаl litеrаcy skills. This аrticlе еxрlоrеs bоth thе bеnеfits аnd chаllеngеs оf АI-drivеn аssеssmеnt mеthоds in thе cоntеxt оf tеаchеr еducаtiоn, еmрhаsizing thе nееd fоr а bаlаncеd аnd еthicаl intеgrаtiоn оf АI tо suрроrt thе рrоfеssiоnаl dеvеlорmеnt оf futurе еducаtоrs.

In the philosophy of mathematics, formalism is the view that holds that statements of mathematics and logic can be considered to be statements about the consequences of the manipulation of strings (alphanumeric sequences of symbols, usually as equations) using established manipulation rules.

In Platonism, the truth-values of our mathematical assertions depend on facts involving Platonic entities that reside in a realm outside of space-time.