Purpose: Diagnosing the reality and role of employee engagement in addressing the problems of reducing high performance in tourism education institutions.

Theoretical framework: employee engagement is one of the relatively recent management concepts in the field of administrative and organizational literature, in addition to identifying the concept of job performance and how to raise performance through the availability of job integration for the employee.

Method/design/approach: Using the analytical descriptive approach by analyzing the opinions of a sample of administrative and academic leaders in universities and tourism institutes.

Results and conclusion: The employee integrated at work and his presence emotionally, cognitively and physically has a significant impact on raising and improving performance, especially in academic tourism organizations.

Research practical & Social implications: In recent years, interest in the issue of functional integration has increased because it represents a bright spot for employees who care about the future of the organization and who express their willingness to invest their efforts in its favor.

Originality /value :The research presents numerical indicators on the research variables to guide college leaders to raise the state of job integration and is expected to contribute to broadcasting steps on how to achieve the highest level of performance.

The narrative of the United States as a nation founded on liberty and equality stands in stark contrast to the reality of its deep entanglement with chattel slavery. This abstract delves into the "American Paradox," exploring the complex and often contradictory ways in which slavery and the ideals of independence coexisted throughout the nation's history. It examines the justifications used to defend slavery, the resistance movements that emerged, and the ongoing struggle to reconcile these opposing forces in the American identity.

Revolutionary Rhetoric: The founding principles of the United States, enshrined in documents like the Declaration of Independence, emphasized liberty and natural rights. However, these ideals were often selectively applied, excluding enslaved people from the very freedoms they proclaimed.

Economic Dependence: The Southern economy was heavily reliant on slave labor, particularly for the production of cotton. This economic dependence created a powerful vested interest in perpetuating slavery, even as the North embraced free labor principles.

Racial Ideologies: The development of racist ideologies justified the enslavement of Africans and their descendants. These ideologies portrayed Black people as inherently inferior, further solidifying the idea of slavery as a natural order.

Constitutional Compromise: The U.S. Constitution reflected the deep divisions over slavery. The institution was not explicitly mentioned, but compromises were made to appease Southern states, such as the three-fifths clause that counted enslaved people as a fraction of a person for purposes of representation.

Western Expansion: The westward expansion of the United States fueled debates over the expansion of slavery. The Missouri Compromise and subsequent measures attempted to maintain a balance between slave and free states, highlighting the ongoing struggle over the institution's future.

Slave Revolts and Abolitionist Movements: Throughout American history, enslaved people actively resisted their condition. Slave revolts and the rise of abolitionist movements in the North challenged the legitimacy of slavery and pushed for its eradication.

The Civil War: The Civil War, ultimately fought over the issue of slavery, marked a turning point. However, the fight for racial equality did not end with the Confederacy's defeat.

Reconstruction and Jim Crow Laws: The Reconstruction Era's attempts to establish equal rights for Black Americans were largely undermined by the rise of Jim Crow laws and segregation in the South.

The Continuing Struggle for Racial Justice: The legacy of slavery continues to shape American society. The Civil Rights Movement of the 20th century made significant strides towards racial equality, but issues like mass incarceration and economic disparities persist, highlighting the ongoing need to address the historical roots of these injustices.

Critical Race Theory: This framework helps understand how race and racism are embedded in legal and social systems, illuminating how the legacy of slavery continues to influence American society.

Republicanism and Liberalism: Examining the tensions between the ideals of classical republicanism (emphasizing civic virtue) and liberalism (focused on individual rights) can shed light on how these competing philosophies played out in the context of slavery and independence.

Understanding the American Paradox is crucial for comprehending the complexities of American history and its ongoing impact on contemporary society. Examining the justifications for slavery, the resistance movements it inspired, and the legacy of racial oppression can inform efforts to create a more just and equitable future.

Delving deeper into the experiences of enslaved people, their resistance strategies, and how they navigated the paradox of living under a system of oppression within a nation proclaiming freedom. Exploring the economic and social ramifications of slavery on both the North and the South.

Examining the role of gender and class in shaping the American Paradox and its consequences. Investigating the ongoing struggles for racial justice in the United States and how they connect to the historical legacy of slavery.

By critically engaging with the American Paradox, we can gain a deeper understanding of the nation's past and present, fostering a more nuanced and inclusive narrative for the future.          

The issues surrounding wastewater treatment have gained increasing attention in Karakalpakstan, a region characterized by its unique environmental challenges and limited water resources. Traditional wastewater treatment methods often struggle to meet the growing demands for efficient and sustainable solutions. In this context, phytoreactor systems have emerged as a promising alternative, harnessing the natural abilities of plants to treat contaminated water. Phytoreactor systems utilize specific plant species and innovative substrates to enhance the removal of pollutants from wastewater. This approach not only helps in cleaning water but also provides an ecological solution that aligns with the principles of sustainability. The use of innovative substrates plays a crucial role in maximizing the efficiency of these systems, enabling better nutrient absorption, pollutant degradation, and overall system performance. In this article, we will explore the potential of using innovative substrates in phytoreactor systems specifically designed for wastewater treatment in the unique conditions of Karakalpakstan. By examining the advantages, challenges, and practical applications of these systems, we aim to shed light on their significance in addressing the pressing environmental concerns faced by the region.

In order to acquire pedagogical skills, cognitive mastering of the technologies of educational implementation and didactic laws is required. This allows future teachers to show logical thinking and creative activity, analyze pedagogical events, see existing problems, evaluate and correct the gaps that have arisen. As a result of cognitive assimilation of knowledge, future teachers will have the opportunity to achieve professional skills - acme. This article is devoted to the development of creativity, research, and divergent thinking in future teachers based on the cognitive approach.

Brain-based learning theory, which is founded on neuroscience principles, optimal educational practices can be enhanced by gaining a deeper grasp of the brain's intrinsic learning mechanisms. According to this theory, students learn best when their lessons are designed to tap into their emotions, use patterns, and engage all of their senses. The use of brain-based learning strategies in ELT has the potential to improve students' ELT outcomes significantly.

This abstract focuses on using concepts from neuroscience to teach the English language. It highlights key tactics that can stimulate neural pathways and assist deeper language learning, including storytelling, dance, and providing an emotionally supportive learning environment. The abstract also delves into the significance of active learning, differentiation, and technology in accommodating varied learning styles and demands.

According to the results, brain-based learning methods provide a more engaging and welcoming classroom atmosphere while increasing students' language retention and proficiency. This abstract aims to highlight how brain-based learning can transform ELT by making it more efficient, engaging, and accommodating to learners' cognitive processes.

Rejecting canonical narrative forms and ideas, postmodern literature presents a fresh perspective on the passage of time and geographical location. In contrast to the linear and cohesive representations of time and space expected in modernist literature, postmodernist works often embrace dislocation, fragmentation, and distorted timelines. Through metafiction, intertextuality, and non-linear tales, this study investigates how postmodern writers question traditional ideas of space and time. These methods show time as cyclical, irrelevant, or fluid, which disrupts the reader's perception of a steady, chronological development. Similarly, postmodern literature frequently portrays space as hyperreal, fragmented, or disjointed, reflecting a world where the lines between the tangible and the abstract are increasingly blurred. This study analyses seminal postmodern works to see how these changed views of space and time fit into a more extensive critique of postmodern reality, identity, and meaning stability. According to the results, postmodern literature does more than make us rethink the passage of time; it also prompts us to wonder what it means to exist.

The concept of equal parenting is becoming increasingly important in modern society. This model of parenthood promotes the emotional well-being of children, improves the psycho-emotional state of parents and creates a harmonious family atmosphere. The equal distribution of responsibilities helps to reduce stress, supports the professional and personal fulfillment of parents, and also contributes to the destruction of gender stereotypes. As a result, equal parenting creates a solid foundation for family well-being and sustainability, positively affecting all family members and society as a whole.

Child adoption in Nigeria presents a complex interplay between traditional practices and legal statutes. This abstract explores the social and legal implications of adoption within the Nigerian context, highlighting the challenges and opportunities that arise from this dynamic.

Cultural Attitudes: Traditional beliefs in Nigeria often emphasize blood lineage and family continuity. This can lead to social stigma surrounding adoption, with some viewing it as a severing of family ties.

Orphan Care: The prevalence of orphaned children due to various factors necessitates a robust adoption system. However, social acceptance of adoption as a means of providing care for these children can vary.

Extended Family System: The strong emphasis on the extended family in Nigerian society may create a preference for informal fostering within the family structure rather than formal adoption. Child's Rights Act (2003): This legislation establishes the legal framework for adoption in Nigeria, outlining eligibility criteria, procedures, and safeguards for the best interests of the child.

State Variations: Each Nigerian state possesses some degree of autonomy regarding adoption regulations, leading to potential inconsistencies and bureaucratic hurdles.

Intercountry Adoption: The legal process for intercountry adoption from Nigeria is complex and requires adherence to international regulations alongside national laws.

Balancing Tradition and Legal Norms: Reconciling traditional beliefs with the legal framework for adoption is crucial. Educational initiatives can foster greater understanding and acceptance of adoption as a viable option for child welfare.

Ensuring Ethical Practices: Mitigating the risk of child trafficking and ensuring ethical adoption practices requires robust oversight and enforcement mechanisms.

Promoting Open Adoption: Exploring models of open adoption, where birth families maintain some level of contact with the child, can potentially address concerns about severed family ties.

Navigating the complexities of child adoption in Nigeria requires a multi-faceted approach. By acknowledging the social context and cultural attitudes, working within the legal framework, and promoting ethical practices, Nigeria can strive to create a system that prioritizes the well-being of children in need of loving homes,

Nigeria, with its rich tapestry of ethnic and cultural diversity, presents a unique landscape for child adoption. Traditionally, child adoption practices in Nigeria have been shaped by cultural norms and kinship ties. In many communities, informal adoption arrangements, such as the fostering of children by extended family members, are common. These traditional practices often prioritize the maintenance of family lineage and communal bonds. However, such informal arrangements lack the legal recognition and protections afforded by formal adoption processes.

The statutory framework governing child adoption in Nigeria is primarily outlined in the Child Rights Act of 2003, which aims to align national legislation with international conventions, such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Act stipulates the legal procedures for adoption, emphasizing the best interests of the child, consent from biological parents, and the suitability of prospective adoptive parents. Despite these provisions, the implementation of the Act faces numerous challenges, including inconsistencies in adoption laws across different states, bureaucratic hurdles, and inadequate enforcement mechanisms.

One of the significant social implications of child adoption in Nigeria is the stigma associated with infertility and childlessness. In many Nigerian cultures, having biological children is highly valued, and couples who cannot conceive often face societal pressure and discrimination. Adoption, though a viable solution, is sometimes viewed as a last resort, and adopted children may be subjected to prejudice and exclusion. This cultural perception underscores the need for greater public awareness and education to promote the acceptance of adoption as a positive and legitimate means of family building.

Legal implications of child adoption in Nigeria include issues of child trafficking and exploitation. The lack of a centralized adoption system and weak regulatory oversight can lead to malpractices, such as the sale of children and fraudulent adoption schemes. Ensuring the protection of children's rights requires robust legal frameworks, effective monitoring, and stringent penalties for violations. Moreover, the disparity in adoption laws between different regions necessitates harmonization to create a cohesive and comprehensive national adoption policy.

Additionally, the legal process of adoption in Nigeria is often cumbersome and time-consuming, posing significant barriers for prospective adoptive parents. The requirement for extensive documentation, background checks, and court approvals can deter many from pursuing adoption. Streamlining the adoption process and providing support services for adoptive families are essential steps toward improving the system.

Navigating the complexities of child adoption in Nigeria requires a multifaceted approach that integrates respect for traditional practices with the enforcement of statutory laws. Addressing the social stigma associated with adoption, safeguarding against child trafficking, and streamlining legal procedures are critical to creating a supportive environment for adoptive families and ensuring the welfare of adopted children. By fostering collaboration between government agencies, non- governmental organizations, and community leaders, Nigeria can enhance its adoption system and uphold the rights and well-being of all children.

Further research can explore the lived experiences of adopted children and birth families in Nigeria. Additionally, investigating the effectiveness of existing social support systems for orphans and vulnerable children could inform policy improvements.  

This research delves into how gender, age, ethnicity, social network, socioeconomic status, and other social factors impact language choices regarding style. This is called style variation, when people's speech patterns, dialects, and registers change based on social circumstances. Vocabulary is a powerful tool for self-expression and group identification, and this analysis shows how people change their vocabulary to fit in or stand out from their social circles. How prevailing social standards impact linguistic prestige and stigmatization is one area that the article delves into, as does the impact of power dynamics and social stratification on language patterns more generally. The study shows how language is a social identity marker that reflects larger social structures and interactions through case studies and sociolinguistic research. The results indicate that differences in style are not static but depend on the surrounding environment. They are an integral part of society and lighten the relationship between language, culture, and personal identity.

This research aims to know the role of transformational leadership in achieving organizational creativity in the General Company for Soft Drinks in Baghdad. In addition to describing and diagnosing the dimensions of transformational leadership and the internal and external justifications for achieving organizational creativity and determining the relationship of influence between them, perhaps this is what gives it importance if we can reach a definition of the content of the essential effects of those dimensions in achieving organizational creativity and studying it according to scientific foundations and thus putting the organization on the right track after making appropriate changes and overcoming the resistance that may occur as a result of that and then achieving the organization's goals in growth, continuity and success. The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach in analyzing the research problem, and the research included two main hypotheses from which twelve sub-hypotheses emerged that were subjected to statistical tests, and a sample of (160) managers distributed at the upper, middle, and executive levels and employees in the company above was selected. The researcher also used the questionnaire as a primary tool for collecting data and information in addition to visits and structured interviews during the application period. The research reached a set of conclusions and recommendations, among which is a relationship of influence between transformational leadership and organizational creativity. The most prominent recommendations are: working to raise the level of participation of individuals working in the company by involving them in the administrative process and showing interest in their ideas and opinions, which will be reflected in their performance, and the necessity of the company's management's interest in applying empowerment as a modern management strategy that seeks to encourage transformational leadership and its employees to abandon traditional management methods and systems to be able to achieve continuous improvement in the services provided and the impact of that on achieving creativity.

The current research aims to study the customer's experience and their role in behavioral intentions in some tourism organizations. This study enriches understanding by providing an overview of the evidence of the customer's experience and its role in the behavioral intentions of a sample of customers. The customer's experience is distinctive at different stages of consumer decision-making, behavioral intentions, and decision-making. The sample amount of the study was (145) samples. The statistical program Spss v.26 and Amos v.26 were used for data analysis. The results showed a correlation between the variable customer experience in its (sensory experience, emotional experience and social experience) dimensions and behavioral intentions and the practical results showed an impact of the variable customer experience in behavioral intentions. The customer experience contributes to the orientation of customers' behavioral intentions, benefiting the Organization and maintaining customer loyalty. Moreover, their non-transfer to competing organizations and the achievement of the competitive advantage.

The article deals with the acute contradictions between local bandit groups and the policy of the Red Empire during the formation of the Soviet system. The sad fate of the youth from the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic and the Amu Darya region, headed to the central cities to get an education in 1924, is reflected. The atrocity of the Basmachi gang, led by a follower and supporter of Junaid Khan, Tashauz bek Durdyklych, who tried to preserve the former government is a central issue in the article. The aim pursued by the gang members, the cause of the Begjap tragedy, is revealed. The article presents historical sources, as well as conclusions about the Begjap tragedyThe article deals with the acute contradictions between local bandit groups and the policy of the Red Empire during the formation of the Soviet system. The sad fate of the youth from the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic and the Amu Darya region, headed to the central cities to get an education in 1924, is reflected. The atrocity of the Basmachi gang, led by a follower and supporter of Junaid Khan, Tashauz bek Durdyklych, who tried to preserve the former government is a central issue in the article. The aim pursued by the gang members, the cause of the Begjap tragedy, is revealed. The article presents historical sources, as well as conclusions about the Begjap tragedy.

Developmental psychology is the field of study that seeks to understand how people grow, change, and develop throughout their lives. This discipline helps to explore the processes of change across the lifespan by examining the development of individuals from physical, cognitive, emotional, and social perspectives. In this article, we will cover the field of developmental psychology and discuss lifelong changes and growth in detail.

The promotion of reading and library use among primary class students within the family context presents significant challenges. Despite the acknowledged importance of early reading habits in the development of literacy and cognitive skills, fostering a culture of reading at home faces numerous barriers, including socio-economic factors, parental involvement, and access to resources. This article explores these challenges and proposes strategies to overcome them, aiming to enhance the role of family libraries in the educational development of young children.

The research aims to show how blood groups are distributed in the Najaf Governorate and analyze them according to the main blood groups (A, B, AB, O). The expected results include a different distribution of blood groups across urban and rural areas and the potential effects of social and economic factors on this distribution. Therefore, the main focus of the research was to know the prevailing blood groups and the degree of diversity of those groups according to the administrative units in the study area.

This study has practical implications as it contributes to enhancing the understanding of the spatial distribution of blood groups. This understanding can be used to improve health emergency plans, blood donation strategies, and provide guidelines for health care planning in the governorate.

The research includes collecting blood sample data from different areas in the governorate and analyzing them using advanced geographic information systems maps. These maps are instrumental in identifying patterns and spatial distributions of common and rare blood groups, and the impact of demographic and environmental factors on these distributions.

The most essential results were that there are administrative units with repetitive values, i.e., stable areas where certain blood types prevail, unlike other regions where repetitive values are low or non-existent, i.e., unstable areas where the percentage of blood types changes.

Student management strategies are critical for fostering an effective learning environment. The evaluation of these strategies is essential to ensure that they meet the educational needs of students while promoting a positive classroom culture. This article aims to explore the evaluation criteria and indications that can be used to assess the effectiveness of student management strategies. By examining the theoretical foundations and practical applications, this paper provides a comprehensive framework for educators to enhance their management practices.

The concepts of patriotism and military patriotism have undergone significant transformations over time, influenced by sociopolitical changes, globalization, and the evolving nature of warfare. This article explores the historical evolution of these concepts, analyzing how the culture of patriotism and military patriotism has been shaped by various factors. The article also examines the current state of these concepts and discusses their implications for national identity and security in the 21st century.

This research, of significant importance, aims to understand the role of the religious seminary in Najaf and its adequacy in supporting national products through seminary directives and guidelines to support and acquire these products and prefer them over foreign products from the perspective of professors and students/University of Kufa. It also seeks to identify the extent of customer preference for these products, a crucial aspect that your participation will greatly contribute to.

Since previous years, specifically after the year (2003), there has been a great interest in improving the image of national products and identifying the factors influencing customer attitudes towards them.

The research relied on the questionnaire to survey the opinions of a sample of customers represented by professors and students of the University of Kufa, with a total of (75) customers. The questionnaire consisted of (8) questions and used statistical and analytical methods.

The research problem arises from a question that is:

(What is the role of the religious seminary in supporting national products from the customers' point of view?

The importance of the research is evident from the necessity of having such studies to introduce society to the effective and important role of the religious seminary in Najaf Al-Ashraf in supporting products that are produced locally within the borders of Iraq. Your participation in this research will help us to meet the needs of customers for those products, to reduce dealing with foreign products, and to achieve clear tangible results for the role of the religious seminary in supporting Iraqi economic activity as a whole, a role that has been significant throughout history.

Designing visual symbols is crucial in the ever-changing world of digital culture for communication, identity building, and cultural expression. With an eye toward the aesthetic, functional, and semiotic aspects, this article delves into the methods and principles of making effective visual symbols in digital settings. The study delves into a wide array of digital symbols, including emojis, logos, icons for user interfaces, and digital art, to uncover how these visual components communicate meaning, impact user behavior, and aid in forming online identities and communities.

Recognizing digital spaces' multicultural and global character, the research highlights the significance of cultural sensitivity and contextual knowledge throughout the design phase. Additionally, it delves into how technological innovations, including augmented reality and vector graphics, have influenced the development of visual symbols. The adaptability of symbols in response to user interactions and cultural trends may be shown in case studies from various digital platforms and social media networks.

The results stress the importance of designers balancing originality and clarity in creating visually appealing and universally understandable symbols. At the end of the paper, we suggest ways to make symbols that may change with digital culture and appeal to different audiences by using iterative design processes and user feedback.

The current research, a unique exploration of the products of art education students in the subject of the plastic graduation project drawing (painting) (comparative study), is presented in four chapters. The first chapter delves into the methodological framework, focusing on the research problem: what are the distinct and shared elements in the products of art education students at the universities of Kufa and Babylon in the subject of the plastic graduation project (drawing)? The significance of this research lies in its illumination of the techniques employed and their role in developing the subject of the painting graduation project, as well as in achieving the highest level of similarity in drawing between the two universities.

The primary aim of this research is to identify the products of art education students in the subject of the plastic graduation project (drawing). The research parameters were set for the period between the years 2015 and 2016, and the terms were defined accordingly.

The second chapter included the theoretical framework that contained two topics (products in art education and artistic formation in the plastic project (drawing), at the same time, the third chapter contained the research procedures (which consisted of a research community of (77) students A student for both universities, and the researcher chose the research sample randomly, and then conducted the process of apparent validity and stability of performance and then applied the performance to the students' works).

The fourth chapter contained the research results, which indicate statistically significant differences in favor of the products of the students of art education at the University of Kufa in the graduation project of plastic arts (drawing).

In addition, the researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which are:

Students' awareness of aesthetic relationships and highlighting their aesthetic and functional role within the artistic work of both universities, and the adoption of art education at the University of Babylon by creating the work in three stages, which are the stage (planning, watercolors, and oil colors), while at the University of Kufa it depends on two stages (planning, and oil work), the use of the students of the University of Kufa The content was diverse, it was social, political, economic, religious. In contrast, most works at the University of Babylon are social and economic.

The researcher recommended identifying the difference between colleges in creating or forming the artwork to modify and build the concepts and skills followed in implementing the plastic drawing project.

Known for its complicated character interactions and complex narrative, William Shakespeare's tragedy King Lear is the subject of this paper's critical analysis of the play's structure and plot. The analysis centers on the ways in which Shakespeare enhances the play's thematic resonance through the utilization of structural components, subplots, and parallel narratives. Shakespeare explores themes of power, insanity, familial devotion, and human suffering by intertwining King Lear and Gloucester's narratives. The symmetrical split of the play into acts and scenes reflects the fall into anarchy that occurs when Lear's power crumbles. The structural elements are also considered in this analysis, as they add to the dramatic tension by emphasizing the inevitable disaster through the pace of events. Dramatic irony and foreshadowing are also examined in the article; these devices are fundamental to the structural intricacy of the play and help the audience become more invested in the tragedy as it unfolds. Based on what we know now, King Lear's structural aspects are more than just plot devices; they are fundamental to the play's thematic development and provide light on the human condition via Shakespeare's expert use of the plot.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries represent a significant challenge for professional athletes due to their intense physical activities. Intensive physical therapy is an essential part of the rehabilitation program after surgery for cruciate ligament injuries. This research aims to study the effect of intensive physical therapy on the speed and efficiency of recovery in professional athletes with cruciate ligament injuries.

We explore how an intensive physical therapy program can improve recovery rates and enhance athletic performance after injury.

The research will show that intensive physical therapy is an effective tool in treating cruciate ligament injuries, and I emphasize the importance of including it as part of a comprehensive rehabilitation protocol for athletes.

When this strategy is applied in sports rehabilitation programs, better results and a faster return to sports activity are achieved.

The article discusses the types, specifics, and advantages of the interview genre, their use in print, television, radio, and the internet.