The article analyzes the scientific works of literary critics who considered the story "Twilight, when the horse rumbled" from the linguistic and literary side.

The given article copes with   determining  and systemizing the phonological and semantic transition of English phraseologies and idioms into Uzbek language by means of translation, taking into account the lingua-cultural aspects of two given languages,  represented in the article as main objects of my work. The possibilities of adequate transmission of meanings and images, the mechanisms and principles of literary translation of idioms, and also the work includes suggestions for the translator on working with phraseological units.

Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, a polymath of the Islamic Golden Age, made significant contributions to various fields, including astronomy, mathematics, geography, anthropology, and philosophy. Among his multifaceted endeavors, his philosophical inquiries stand out, offering profound insights into the nature of existence, knowledge, and the universe. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of al-Biruni's philosophical views, examining his thoughts on epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and the relationship between science and religion. By delving into his works, including "The Book of Instruction in the Elements of the Art of Astrology" and "The Chronology of Ancient Nations," we illuminate al-Biruni's philosophical legacy and its relevance to contemporary discourse.

In this article is discussed the bilingual poet Turamurod Sayid Muhammadhon's life and literary legacy during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It also examines Hasanmurod Laffasiy's “Tazkirayi shuaro” and Muhammad Yusuf Bayoni's works “Shajarayi Xorazmshohiy” and “Haft shuaro” providing insights into the poet's life and creativity from various sources, focusing on textual and literary-historical analysis. The sources are comparatively analyzed, and conclusions are drawn based on scholarly research.

This research paper focuses on the development of reflective skills in teaching and learning, and provides diverse possible factors to enhance reflective skills of future educators of the English language. Moreover,   some qualitative research methods  such as observations  and conducting interviews, a pre-post questionnaire to examine changes in the future English teachers' perceptions of reflective skills  were employed. According to the results, the learners  have improved their introspective skills somewhat.  To support aspiring English teachers in enhancing their reflective skills, a more regimented practice teaching program, time, and plenty of opportunities for practice and reflection are required.

The article pays special attention to the issue of improving the descriptions of business terms in the explanatory dictionaries of the Uzbek language. Some discussion processes in the explanation of some administrative terms included in the explanatory dictionaries of the Uzbek language, comments and recommendations on improving the explanation of the term are given.

This article delves into the nuanced topic of gender differences in language use and politeness strategies, exploring the ways in which individuals' gender identities shape their communication styles. Drawing on research from sociolinguistics and communication studies, the article examines the various ways in which men and women may employ different speech patterns, vocabulary, and politeness strategies in their interactions. Additionally, the article considers the intersectionality of gender with other social factors, such as race, class, and sexual orientation, to provide a more holistic understanding of gendered language use. Implications for communication and relationships, as well as suggestions for future research, are also discussed.

This paper explores the complexities involved in handling lexemes containing multiple word forms within the field of computational linguistics. It investigates diverse approaches and technological advancements, encompassing both syntactic and semantic analyses. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges encountered in Uzbek linguistics regarding the translation of analytical forms consisting of multiple word forms, along with potential solutions. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of examining lexemes with multiple word forms within computational linguistics, offering insights into pioneering researchers in this field. The intricacies inherent in processing such lexemes in computational linguistics arise from their ambiguity, varied forms, and meanings, necessitating context consideration for accurate parsing of word combinations. The article also advocates for the development of effective analytical methods capable of capturing the intended meaning of expressions.

The article provides general information about language phenomena, artificial intelligence and their connection with knowledge, thinking, memory, etc. In addition, the approaches and opinions of scientists on these topics are presented and explained with the help of examples. The author states that the movement of thinking and the formation of thought is associated with cognitive activity, a process that ensures the reflection of reality directly in the mind.

It is known that the formation of speech units and their understanding are the result of mental activity.  The performance of this activity is directly related to the condition of obtaining linguistic knowledge. There is no way to know reality without linguistic knowledge, to lyrically express logical structures that reflect information about the current event-events. However, at the intersection of cognitive science, six fields of science are adjacent, and a single scientific goal is to be occupied with the search for a solution to the problems of concentration, processing and application of knowledge in natural and artificial systems. It seems-that interrelation between these areas does not take place in the same way, whereas, Artificial Intelligence and anthropological philosophy are directly related. Meanwhile, human cognitive activity should be considered not as a reflection of being as a mirror, but as a phenomenon that reflects the inner or outer essence of objects.  The mental structure formed in the process of cognition – the content of the concept is occupied by character-features that have a clear appearance of exactly this type, and the same features lead in the linguistic reality of the concept.

This article is devoted to the textual-comparative study between the Tazkira manuscript and the edition of fiqras № 3-16 in Polatjon Qayyumi's work “Tazkirai Qayyumiy”. A comparison was made between the manuscript and published versions of the tazkira. The changes of orthography between translation and publication version, stylistic errors, erroneous information, omitted places in the translation, and information added by academician Aziz Qayumov were identified.

This paper explores strategies to enhance teacher preparation for the implementation of Curriculum 2013, a significant educational reform initiative. Curriculum 2013 represents a paradigm shift in education, emphasizing competency-based learning, interdisciplinary approaches, and the integration of technology. Effective implementation of this curriculum requires educators to possess a diverse skill set and pedagogical knowledge aligned with its principles. This paper examines various approaches to empower educators and enhance their readiness to effectively implement Curriculum 2013. Key strategies include comprehensive professional development programs, collaborative learning communities, mentoring and coaching initiatives, and integration of technology-enhanced teaching methodologies. Additionally, the paper discusses the importance of fostering a supportive organizational culture and providing ongoing support and resources to educators. By empowering educators and strengthening their preparation for implementing Curriculum 2013, educational institutions can maximize the potential of this curriculum reform to improve student learning outcomes and foster 21st-century competencies.

Since the beginning of human learning, he strives for perfection and tries to pass on his knowledge to the next generation. Future generations have further developed the science of their ancestors, so we are living in a life where science and technology have progressed like today. Today, we are witnessing growth and development in the field of pharmaceuticals, as in all other fields. In pharmacies, the demand for medicines made from natural herbs is increasing. Training of mature specialists in this field is the demand of the times. In the following article, we tried to explain the names of medicinal plants in Latin, Uzbek and French languages, their components and methods of faster acquisition of Latin terms.

The article examines the term dialect is often used in the sense of regional, local or geographic varieties of a language mainly used in oral speech. A language belongs to a nation or nations, as English does, therefore it is a social phenomenon, understandable by all its members. A language is not a complex combination of individual speech forms. The phonetic and phonological features of a language dialect relationship, natural bilingualism and also some types of speech communities classified by their social characteristics are studied in a new branch of phonetics, namely social phonetics. Idiolects and dialect speakers are identifiable by their sounds, tone or melody, words and also by expressions and constructions by their phonetics, grammatical, lexical and stylistic features. The distinction between language and dialect is based on the criterion of functional approach.

In this article, the role and importance of the grammatical meaning in the development of the meaning of the word is defined. Formation of polysemous lexemes, types of its meaning and semantic relations between these meanings are studied.

Uzbek folk weaving stands as a testament to centuries-old traditions, intricately woven into the fabric of Uzbek culture and heritage. The lexicon associated with this rich tradition reflects a profound interconnection between language and craft. Conversely, English, with its diverse linguistic heritage, offers a unique perspective on weaving terminology. This article aims to undertake a comprehensive comparative analysis of the terminological nuances between Uzbek folk weaving and English-origin terms. Through this exploration, we seek to elucidate the intricate interplay between linguistic expression, cultural context, and craft techniques.

Synonyms, or words with similar meanings, are critical components in natural language processing (NLP) activities. Understanding their semantic properties, especially in parallel corpora, offers insights into translation, sentiment analysis, and information retrieval systems. This article explores the semantic complexities of synonyms in parallel corpora, emphasizing their importance and ramifications.

The article provides statistics and a brief annotated bibliography of poems published in the “Maorif va o‘qitg‘uvchi” journal. It includes an analysis of poems such as “Dalalaridan”, “Turmushmi bu?”, “Dengiz”, “Adabiyot”, “Telefon”, “Munozara”, “Mashina” along with personal observations.

The article reveals the craft of writer Fritz Wurtle’s novel ‘Babur-The Tiger’, in depicting the character as well as spiritual demeanour matters of a twelve-year-old Padishah Babur (king).

Translating is sociolinguistic activity. We can define sociolinguistics as the study of language in relation to society, and this is how we shall be taking the term in this book. Sociolinguistics has become a recognized  part of most courses at university level on 'linguistics' or 'language', and is indeed one of the main growth points in the study of language, from the point of view of both teaching and research. There are now major English-language journals devoted to research publications) and a number of introductory textbooks, apart from the present one.

This article introduces the nature of the functions of body parts and organs, called somatic components, determines the imagery of most somatic phraseology. Somatic phraseological units, commonly known as idioms, are linguistic constructs that use human body-related imagery to convey abstract meanings. They play a fundamental role in English language communication, contributing to the richness and depth of expression.

In the work of the French philosopher Alexandre Coyre, “Essays on the History of Philosophical Thought,” it is suggested that the development of philosophy, including the science of logic, has stopped in the Islamic world since the 13th century. He wrote that the prosperity of the Arab-Islamic civilization did not last long; The Arab world has lost, or rather abandoned, the classical heritage accumulated by the Latin West. Is this really true? If yes, what are the reasons? These questions determined the topic of our article. In search of answers, we studied the works of some authors who studied the history of Arabic logic, and decided to present the results of our small study using the example of the work of Asiriddin al-Abhari.

This article is devoted to the features of the English terminology of artificial intelligence, a science that has been rapidly developing in recent decades both in Uzbekistan and in other countries. The scientific achievements of artificial intelligence are directly related to all areas of human activity, starting with computer games and computer viruses and downloading by complex machines in industrial enterprises and medicine. This is precisely what explains the relevance of studying artificial intelligence terminology, as well as the need to identify its features and patterns, especially for such an industrially developed region as the Bukhara region.

This article deals with the methodology of using modern pedagogical technologies in teaching the topic "modern educational technologies in teaching the letters “) د ذ ر ز ژ وdol, zol, re, ze, je), which has a place in the science of Old Uzbek writing will go. The science of old Uzbek writing is currently taught as a specialty subject in the faculties of Uzbek language and literature of higher educational institutions of our country. This article can be useful in opening the content of practical training on the subject of "modern educational technologies in teaching the letters “) د ذ ر ز ژ وdol, zol, re, ze, je) from the science of old Uzbek writing." We want to talk about interactive methods.

This article examines the pragmatic and linguistic aspects of everyday processes in medical terminology, providing detailed information on pragma linguistics, which is considered a very relevant field in linguistics. Medical terminology is a highly specialized field that is constantly evolving to keep up with advances in medical science and technology. The study of innovative processes in medical terminology includes the analysis of how new terms are created, adopted, and integrated into the medical lexicon. This article examines the role of pragmatics in shaping the use and understanding of medical terminology, as well as the linguistic strategies used to create and disseminate new terms within the medical community.

This article talks about manuscript copy 6666/6 of the Bayanii Divan, its scientific and literary features, and its content.

Uzbek linguistics, at first, morphemics was not separated as a separate department, and later the issues studied in morphemics were included in the research of morphology at that time. Consequently, the issues within the scope of morphemics have been studied in our linguistics in the same narrow scope as the concepts of word structure and morphological structure of the word. Morphemics in traditional linguistics considered only the parts of the word consisting of the stem and the affix, and the grammatical function and meaning-carrying parts were considered. Due to the serious and large-scale research carried out later, our linguistics has passed the path of development from the description of the morpheme as an element in the morphological structure of the word to the morpheme-to-word principle. This article talks about the history of the study of the morpheme composition of words in Uzbek linguistics, research conducted by scientists and their results, research methodology.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the methodology for studying words borrowed from Latin in Russian lessons. The process of forming the vocabulary of the Russian language is long and complex. The question of the origin and development of the dictionary, the ways of its development is closely related to the history of the Russian people. The composition of the dictionary, like the modern Russian language as a whole, in the form available at the moment, is the result of a long development, the product of a number of periods.

This article analyzes the ambiguity of the concept of “universal” in linguistics, taking into account three main aspects: the variability of the scope of language phenomena, the mixing of epistemological and ontological approaches, as well as the understanding of universality in the context of comparing different languages. Based on a critical review of existing definitions and taking into account various types of universal phenomena, a new formulation of the concept of “linguistic universals” is proposed, which emphasizes their role and function in human society.

Scholars in the field of cognitive linguistics argue that its fundamental principle is the relationship between language and cognition. Currently, cognitive linguistics investigates the relationship between language and consciousness, the role of speech and thinking activity in conceptualising and cognising the world, and the relationship between human cognitive abilities and language. The notions of “concept” and “discourse” significantly shape the character of modern linguistics, including cognitive linguistics. The study of discourse as an abstract model of language activity becomes a fruitful method for revealing high-level concepts reflecting knowledge about the world and language in consciousness.

The article focuses on the teaching of the narrative genre, which is one of the leading genres of Uzbek prose, in general education schools. In addition, the convenience of using interactive methods in the teaching of stories during the lesson and the advantages over the traditional lesson are shown.