Wedding ceremonies embody many aspects of people's life, spiritual culture, and reflect the nation's past, socio-economic life, cultural and spiritual image.The classification of marriage ceremonies, i.e., classification, forms of marriage have been studied enough information by foreign ethnographers in their fundamental works. However, the wedding rituals of the Bukhara oasis have not been studied and classified in detail by ethnographers yet.

The article mentions the problems of using cooperative education in accordance with the modernization processes of history teaching in general education schools. Collaborative education in the teaching of history is interpreted as an important means of developing the level of cognitive activity of students, methodological recommendations are presented within the topic.

The article examines the phenomenon of modernization of the political system of the PRC. The main roots  of the formation and development of the political system of the PRC are explored. The author peruses the prototype of political modernization in the PRC. Among the specific features of Chinese modernization, one can separately distinguish national traditions and norms, cultural and ideological factors. The main vectors and mechanisms of transformation of the political system in the PRC are analyzed.

Life, political and military struggles of Jalaluddin Manguberdi, betrayals committed against him. In addition, there are opinions about his place on the world scale

This article enlightens specific features of the participation of the prosecutors in court hearings of criminal cases, their procedural status, tasks and powers in accordance with the Criminal Procedural Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Prosecutor’s Office. In the article, on the basis of its subjects, proposals are given on the improvement of the legal basis of the participation of the prosecutor in examining criminal cases by the courts.

India, being the largest democracy in the world, needs a robust and efficient electoral system to maintain the integrity of its democratic process. Over the years, several electoral reforms have been implemented to ensure free and fair elections, but there are still many challenges that need to be addressed. This article aims to discuss the needs, issues, and challenges of electoral reforms in India. The study is based on a review of existing literature and analysis of data from various sources. The findings indicate that there is a need for comprehensive electoral reforms in India to address issues such as corruption, criminalization of politics, voter education, and electoral funding. The challenges faced in implementing these reforms include resistance from political parties, lack of political will, and the need for consensus among stakeholders. The article concludes that electoral reforms are necessary to strengthen democracy in India and calls for concerted efforts from all stakeholders to ensure their effective implementation.

This article delves into the political factors that contributed to the scarcity of Shia population in Al-Andalus during the medieval Islamic period. Al-Andalus, the Islamic state in Iberia, witnessed a complex interplay of religious and political dynamics, with the Sunni sect dominating the religious landscape. This study aims to explore the political factors that marginalized the Shia population in Al-Andalus and examine their implications for religious identity, social cohesion, and political power.

Worldwide Interest in Eastern culture, especially in miniature art, has always been high. The appearance of historical figures reflected in the works of Eastern scholars play an important role in the restoration of their original images and in-depth study of their way of life. Currently, Oriental miniatures depicting historical figures are kept in various regions of the world, in museums and libraries, scientific institutions, and private collections. Experts from different countries of the world are studying these works in depth.

This article delves into the evolving dynamics of India-Bhutan relations in the 21st century, examining the new dimensions that have shaped their bilateral ties. With a longstanding history of close cooperation and mutual respect, India and Bhutan have continuously deepened their engagement in various sectors, including political, economic, cultural, and strategic domains. This study aims to explore the emerging dimensions of their relationship, shedding light on the significance of these developments for regional stability, economic growth, and people-to-people connections.