This paper examines the significance of students’ age and psychological characteristics in the formation of linguistic competence. The study analyzes grammatical accuracy, lexical richness, speech activity, phonological accuracy, and discursive abilities across different age groups (16–20, 21–25, 26+). Psychological factors—such as motivation, speech inhibition, self-confidence, and anxiety levels—are empirically and theoretically evaluated in terms of their influence on specific components of linguistic competence.

Age, psychological characteristics, linguistic competence

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