This article provides a scientific analysis of the structure of subject-related competencies and strategies for their development. In the modern educational environment, it is essential not only to acquire theoretical knowledge of a subject, but also to develop practical skills, independent thinking, and problem-solving abilities. The research compares traditional and innovative teaching methods and identifies their role in developing students’ competencies. Lessons conducted in specially organized experimental classes demonstrate the effectiveness of interactive approaches; particularly STEM education, project-based learning, and the Design Thinking method. Based on surveys conducted among teachers and students, the study identifies challenges encountered in the educational process—such as insufficient resources for practical activities and the dominance of theoretical content in curricula-and proposes solutions to address these issues.

The article emphasizes the need to introduce methodological innovations in education to ensure the effective formation of subject-related competencies. It argues that making the learning process more active and inquiry-based can increase students’ interest in science and help them acquire the knowledge and skills required by modern life. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of improving school infrastructure, enhancing teachers’ professional qualifications, and revising educational programs to better support competency development. The findings demonstrate that subject-related competencies play a central role in improving the quality of education and aligning the national education system with contemporary standards.  

Subject-related competencies, competency development, educational strategies

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