The article analyses methodological approaches and techniques aimed at developing schoolchildren's ability to reason and argue their own opinions in oral and written speech. Particular attention is paid to the importance of these skills in practical terms. The article examines techniques for analysing texts, posing problematic questions, conducting discussions, and rhetorical exercises, as well as the role of the teacher in organising students' speech activities. The conclusion is made about the need for systematic work on the development of argumentation culture, which contributes to successful preparation for final certification and the formation of a personality ready for constructive communication in modern society.