This article explores key theoretical approaches to organizing students’ independent work in higher education. It emphasizes the relevance of this issue as one of the major methodological and pedagogical challenges in modern education. The analysis includes the traditional (reproductive), activity-based, and competency-based approaches, highlighting their core principles, advantages, and limitations. Each approach is evaluated in the context of its alignment with current educational paradigms and the development of students’ cognitive, practical, and professional skills. Special attention is given to how independent work contributes to students’ self-regulation, critical thinking, creativity, and readiness for real-life professional tasks. The study concludes that a well-structured combination of these approaches enhances the effectiveness of independent learning and better prepares students for lifelong learning and professional activity.  

Independent work, higher education, theoretical approaches

Abduraxmonov, M. M. (2010). O‘quvchilarning mustaqil ishlashini tashkil etish. Toshkent: Fan va texnika.

Komenskiy, Ya. A. (2004). Velikaya pedagogika. Moskva: Nauka.

Ushinskiy, K. D. (2000). Chelovecheskoe vospitanie. Moskva: Pedagogika.

Xoliqulovich, J. R. (2021). Toponymics-a linguistic phenomenon in the work of Sadriddin Aini. Middle European Scientific Bulletin, 8(3).

Xoliqulovich, J. R. (2021). Influence of Sadriddin Aini life and works in spiritual and moral development of students. Middle European Scientific Bulletin, 11.

Xoliqulovich, J. R. Z. THE NAMES OF PLACES ASSOCIATED WITH FOLK CRAFTS IN SADRIDDIN AINI'S. MEMORIES""", EPRAInternational Journal of Multidisciplinary.

Xoliqulovich, J. R. (2022). Using anthropometric units in" Esdaliklar" by Sadriddin Ayniy. European Journal Of Innovation In Nonformal Education, 2(2), 295-298.

Kholikulovich, J. R. (2024). PEDAGOGICAL VIEWS OF SADRIDDIN AYNI ON THE EDUCATION OF THE YOUNGER GENERATION. European International Journal of Pedagogics, 4(11), 59-64.