This study delves into the intricate dynamics of the relationship between political parties and civil society, examining how these entities interact and collaborate to promote societal engagement and democratic governance. Drawing on qualitative research methods and case studies, the research explores the diverse forms of engagement, cooperation, and contestation between political parties and civil society organizations (CSOs) in various contexts. Through in-depth analysis, the study elucidates the factors shaping the nature of these relationships, including historical legacies, institutional structures, and socio-political dynamics. Findings offer insights into the challenges, opportunities, and strategies for enhancing constructive engagement between political parties and civil society, ultimately contributing to the advancement of democratic governance and social change.

This article reviews the life and place of one of Uzbekistan's early Higher Education lawyers, Ubaydullokhoja Asadullakhojayev, in the jadidist movement, his reforms in society.

In the article, the archeological data on the emergence and development of the cities of the ancient history of the city of Andijan, located in the Fergana valley, are analyzed. Also, the article explains that the ancient culture of the Fergana Valley was a large city-culture that made a significant contribution to the development of world civilization, which was substantiated by archeological researchers.

Most of the inhabitants of Surkhan oasis lived in rural areas and 5% in cities. Based on the analysis of the sources, it can be observed that there were specific changes in the processes of urban planning at the beginning of the 20th century. In particular, during this period, there were administrative centers such as Termiz, Boysun, Sherabad, Behbudi, Shahrisabz, Guzor, Kitab, and Koson in the southern oases.

In this article, the persecution of scientific and artistic intellectuals by the Soviet state in Uzbekistan is a true reflection of the arbitrariness and violence of the authoritarian regime that ruled at that time. The ruling regime directed its first blow at a group of writers and poets of the republic, because their worldview and creativity did not correspond to the model of communist ideology. The main excuse for defamation was that they allegedly "introduced" nationalist ideas into their works. Communist ideology consciously mixed the awareness of national identity with "nationalism", acting shamelessly and without proof, using all the forms and methods of fighting against them, which existed in the "red empire", and sought to repress and destroy the intellectuals of Uzbekistan. The evidence collected during the research is carefully examined and evaluated from a scientific point of view.

The article discusses the information about the Empire of Amir Timur containing in Chinese sources, as well as the issues of trade and diplomatic relations between the Empire of Amir Timur and China. The article is based on materials from Chinese sources, primarily the Ming Shi (History of the Ming Dynasty) and the Ming Shilu (Veritable Records of the Ming Dynasty), as well as data from Chinese scholarly literature. It presents several little-known facts about the relations between China and Central Asian states.

In this article, the reforms implemented in the agrarian sector during the years of independence and its results and problems are analyzed from a historical point of view.

The article shows the activities of women, girls, and the elderly. The reason was that men, who were the main labor force, were mobilized to the front. For this reason, the article analyzed the results of the women of the Fergana Valley in various fields of agriculture.

Muhammad Shaibani Khan, a prominent Central Asian ruler of the 15th and 16th centuries, left an indelible mark on the region's history through his strategic conquests, administrative acumen, and diplomatic engagements. Rising from humble beginnings, Shaibani Khan established the Shaibanid dynasty and consolidated his authority over vast territories in Transoxiana. His reign was characterized by military campaigns against rivals such as the Safavids and the Shaybanids, as well as by policies of religious tolerance and cultural flourishing. This article explores the life, achievements, and lasting legacy of Muhammad Shaibani Khan, shedding light on his pivotal role in shaping the political and cultural landscape of Central Asia.

This study delves into the nature and motive of academic research as perceived by lead researchers at Makerere University, Uganda. Through qualitative interviews, the research explores the underlying motivations, challenges, and aspirations that drive academic research endeavors within the university's academic community. Findings shed light on the diverse perspectives, disciplinary differences, and institutional contexts that shape the research landscape at Makerere University. The study offers insights into the multifaceted nature of academic research, providing valuable reflections for researchers, administrators, and policymakers seeking to foster a vibrant and impactful research culture in higher education institutions.

This comprehensive article delves into the geographical positioning of the revered mukhtarakhs within the Kitab District of the Kashkadarya region. It intricately examines the life and activities of the esteemed khaki scholars and saints who have left an indelible mark on the cultural and spiritual landscape of the area. Through meticulous exploration, the article sheds light on the profound significance of these luminaries, offering valuable insights into their teachings, contributions, and enduring legacy within the rich tapestry of Kashkadarya's religious heritage.

In this article, the attitude towards nature in the era of globalization processes in the world, the promotion of environmental culture among the population of Uzbekistan, the complex measures implemented by the state in this regard, the right of a person to have a natural environment suitable for living and the duties of preserving this environment are discussed in this article. information provided.

It is an urgent issue to carry out serious research about the invasion of the Mongol invaders into the territories of our country, which is considered one of the important topics in the historiography of Uzbekistan. There is a lot of literature about Genghis Khan. The image of the great commander has always been the focus of historians who were his contemporaries and who lived after him. European orientalists have repeatedly addressed the issue of Genghis Khan's activities and his influence on the history of Eurasia.

The development and improvement of national music art and musical instruments in the world is one of the leading factors in increasing the national prestige of countries at the international level. A clear example of this is the fact that UNESCO's Department of Culture conducts regular activities to study the ancient national music art and musical instruments of the peoples of the world, as well as to create modern types. The article contains information about the formation of musical art.

This article is devoted to revealing the historical significance of documents from the archival fund of the People's Commissariat of Finance of the Uzbek SSR, stored in the National Archives of Uzbekistan. The study provides the types of documents stored in the fund and their description. Historical data on expenditures and revenues of the republic’s budget in 1924-1941 are also analyzed. In addition, information about the system of formation of the state budget and local budgets was also studied in annual reports stored in the People's Commissariat of Finance.

This article focuses on parliamentary diplomacy, its scholarly explanation, its forms and the ways how it can be exercised. As well as in this article the author brings information about the revitalized interparliamentary relations of Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, its role in representing national interest and legal base for Oliy Majlis to carry out foreign policy of Uzbekistan.