This study explores the complexities of Afghanistan’s governance structure following the Bonn Agreement of 2001, which marked a significant turning point in the nation’s political landscape. By examining the challenges and opportunities that have emerged in the post-Bonn era, this research highlights key themes such as state-building, institutional development, security concerns, and the role of international actors. Employing a mixed-methods approach that includes qualitative interviews with political analysts, government officials, and civil society representatives, alongside a review of existing literature and policy documents, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the successes and failures of governance in Afghanistan. The findings indicate that while the Bonn Agreement laid the groundwork for democratic institutions, persistent challenges such as corruption, ethnic divisions, and security threats have hindered effective governance. Conversely, opportunities for reform and sustainable development persist, particularly through grassroots movements and increased civic engagement. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on Afghanistan’s governance by offering insights into the evolving political dynamics and suggesting pathways for future improvements in governance and stability.

Post-Bonn governance, Political landscape, State-building

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