The article analyses the trend of virtualization of the economic sphere, which is one of the important institutions of society's life, from a historical-retrospective point of view. In addition, it is explained that the virtualization of the economic sphere is also important in the virtualization of other spheres, that economic institutions appear as simulacra in the virtualization of public life.        

Uzbekistan faces socio-political changes in the last years and the impact of these turnouts are reflected in the media landscape of the country. Several cases show that President Shavkat Mirziyoyev who took the office in 2016, opens a wide range of opportunities for the development of mass media and supporting freedom of speech in the country. The results of these reflections are investigated in the article by several cases which are discussed more and even attractive globally. Both positive and negative effects of political reforms in the county are compared with the similar conditions of other counties such as Turkey, India, the USA, etc.           

In the dynamically changing world, educational settings are increasingly relying on employee creativity. By promoting educators to generate creative ideas and products for the market, organizations can achieve innovation and maintain competitive advantages (Shalley, Zhou, & Oldham, 2004; Woodman, Sawyer, & Griffin, 1993; Zhou & Hoever, 2014). Considering the critical importance of creativity, practitioners are searching for ways to facilitate teachers’ creative performance. However, existing knowledge on creativity predictors and drivers remains incomplete. To help teaching organizations effectively manage employees’ creativity, this course work aims to elucidate what predictors from universities and teachers themselves can align to engender creative results.              

This article describes the development of the Great Silk Road in Central Asia from ancient times, the fact that the Kushan Kingdom was the main link of the trade route, the Surkhan oasis in the Middle Ages, north and northwest of Termiz, from Sogd to India through the Iron Gate, Sogd, -Saroykamar- Kunduz to Kashmir, from the west to Balkh, Badakhshan, Hisori Shodmon-Tianshan are located at the intersection of the roads to East Turkestan and China, trade relations, the flourishing of crafts and the construction of a river port in Termiz in the 10th century, the protection of the Great Silk Road during the reign of Amir Temur, and the important role of Termiz in the trade route are covered.   

In the current era of globalization, a new educational system is emerging around the world. the sole purpose of the entire system is to improve the quality of education and digitize their evaluation system. This article reviews the evaluation of the international TALIS program and key criteria for its improvement.

The article analyzes some of the ethno-cultural features of pilgrimage tourism in Uzbekistan in the example of six regions of the country. It analyzes the location of the existing shrines in these regions, the influence of natural conditions, climate, socio-demographic positions on the shrines. The article talks about some of the religious scholars who lived in these regions in the past.               

This article describes the cultural cooperation between Uzbekistan and the SCO. The cultural and humanitarian sphere has the necessary mechanisms to resolve these problems peacefully. Modern multilateral diplomacy is expressed in the activities of the relevant international institutions - tools for the joint solution of international problems affecting the interests of several states or groups of their citizens.       

The article deals with some aspects of the problem of formation of artistic and aesthetic competence of future teachers of primary general education. An analysis of work practice indicates that the level of professionalism in the field of art education and the qualitative characteristics of the future teacher - aesthetic culture, aesthetic and artistic taste - do not always meet the requirements of modern society. This once again confirms not only the relevance of the study, but also the need to search for and systematize forms and methods aimed at developing the artistic and aesthetic competence of future teachers.

In the context of dynamic processes taking place in the economy of Uzbekistan, the current stage of development of society is characterized by a change in educational paradigms, a transition to new pedagogical technologies focused on variability, subjectivity, creative individuality, personal potential of specialists who are as ready as possible for practical activities, able to quickly engage in innovative processes and adjust their professional activities.               

The concept of this Eurobond and the participation of Uzbekistan in the Eurobond market, the effectiveness of the use of the funds involved and the impact on the economy of Uzbekistan are explained.          

In this article, the relationship between mental abilities and leadership characteristics of students, and the mastery of subjects in the curriculum is studied. Also, based on the results obtained in the research, conclusions were drawn up with the help of statistical analysis.      

The article discusses psychological and pedagogical support of, and care for children with severe speech disorders, i.e. stuttering. The article deals with questions concerning the time when stuttering occurred, the forms in which stuttering was expressed and the main causes of this severe speech disorder. It considers a therapeutic and pedagogical complex to be recommended in order to overcome stuttering. Of practical significance to preschool center teachers and parents of children with stuttering are 'the speech rules' which the article offers for stuttering children. Implementation and further compliance with "the speech rules" are necessary to eliminate stuttering in children and to form a new fluent speech skill. Useful tips are also offered to teachers and parents who provide psychological and pedagogical help and support to children with stuttering during their complex remedial work.             

This article talks about the psychological characteristics of primary school students. When we say characteristics specific to students, it is meant that the child is objectively and subjectively suitable for school requirements. He will be ready for school education primarily from a physical and psychological point of view. Consequently, his psyche develops enough to acquire knowledge. From this age, the sharpness, clarity, purity, accuracy of the child's perception, his curiosity, kindness, benevolence, trustworthiness, the brightness of his imagination, the strength of his memory, the clarity of his thinking are different from those of his age.               

The article clearly shows what indicators to rely on in assessing the level of poverty in our country and ways to reduce it. It also considers the organizational and economic mechanisms and directions of poverty reduction. About twenty recommendations have been made to reduce it.              

This article discusses of Uzbekistan have long been famous as centers of science, and libraries have played a major role in this. Especially in the 9th-12th centuries, during the reign of Amir Temur and the Timurids, huge libraries were established in the country, and science flourished. In the following centuries, in particular, during the khanate period, there were large libraries in the large cities of the region, in particular, in the cities of Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, Kokan, in the palaces of the rulers.            

The article discusses the criteria for stylistic classifications of the vocabulary of a language used by native and foreign linguists. The reasons for the ambiguity and inconsistency of the results obtained are analyzed, which are explained by the use of several criteria in one classification at once. The author delimits and systematizes the criteria for the classification of vocabulary and shows that such an approach can resolve some controversial classification issues.

This article is based on an analysis of information provided in written and archeological sources on the toponym Chach, and it analyses issues related to the etymology and toponymy of the oasis name.

The article is based on information from various sources including Greek, Chinese, Persian, Arabic and other ones, as well as the toponymic location of the oasis and the socio-economic life of the population is analyzed.           

The article discusses the features and difficulties of medical translation. Particular attention is paid to the description, analysis, examples and ways to overcome such problems of medical translation as pseudo-international vocabulary, "false friends" of the translator and literal translation. This article may be of interest to students of medical educational institutions and healthcare professionals. 

This article is an analysis of the legal framework of the first officially established customs offices in Central Asia. On the basis of archival materials, an attempt was made to reveal the activities to establish the customs work of the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the formation of its administrative structure, and the implementation of the legitimation process in trade affairs. In the article, in chronological order, provisional rules, various decrees and circular documents on the organization of the customs business of the Turkestan ASSR are covered.