In an era of rapid environmental change, sustainable irrigation and drainage practices are critical to meeting global water demands and ensuring agricultural productivity. This paper explores innovative approaches to irrigation and drainage that address challenges posed by climate variability, water scarcity, and soil degradation. By examining case studies and emerging technologies, such as precision irrigation, eco-friendly drainage solutions, and integrated water resource management, the study identifies sustainable strategies for adapting to shifting environmental conditions. Emphasis is placed on optimizing water use efficiency, enhancing resilience to extreme weather events, and promoting environmental conservation. These solutions hold promise for advancing agricultural sustainability and achieving long-term water security in regions facing both immediate and anticipated environmental shifts.

The article presents the results of research on the study of the effect of the complex use of mineral fertilizers, structure-forming agents and herbicides on the growth of the main forest-forming species in a hot and dry climate on the mountain slopes of the Chatkal ridge.

The dynamics of the growth of forest crops over the years under the influence of mineral fertilizers, structure-forming agents "CMC" and "Polymeliorant" and the herbicide "Uragan forte", as well as their influence on the formation of soil structure and the intensity of its water permeability, are outlined.

The article provides information on the medicinal properties of the kovrak plant, measures for its current use. The importance of this plant in providing employment to the population of Dehqanabad district, its annual yield and income are scientifically analyzed. The prospects for kovrak cultivation are highlighted, including the costs and benefits of its cultivation, calculated in local currency and US dollars.

Food security is a critical issue that requires innovative solutions tailored to the unique needs and challenges of different regions. Contextual engineering, a multidisciplinary approach that integrates local knowledge, technology, and sustainable practices, holds significant potential in enhancing food security. This study explores the role of contextual engineering in addressing food insecurity, focusing on how localized engineering solutions can improve agricultural productivity, reduce waste, and ensure more equitable food distribution. By examining case studies and real-world applications, the research highlights innovations in sustainable farming technologies, water management systems, and food distribution networks that have been successfully implemented in various contexts. Additionally, the study discusses the impact of these solutions on local communities, particularly in rural and underserved areas. The findings underscore the importance of context-specific engineering approaches to create resilient food systems that can adapt to changing environmental, economic, and social conditions. Ultimately, this study advocates for the integration of contextual engineering as a key strategy in global efforts to achieve long-term food security.

The article presents the results of scientific research aimed at increasing the fertility of irrigated gray-meadow soils in the Mirzachul oasis by planting various green manure crops. As a result of planting green manure crops, the soil has become enriched with organic residues, and the humus content has increased to some extent. The soil density has decreased, its porosity has improved, and there have been positive changes in the amount of mobile nutrients in the soil. Consequently, the yield of crops planted after the green manure crops has increased to a certain extent.

This study investigates the effect of sowing dates on the protein, oil, non-nitrogenous extractive substances, and maturation levels in chickpea grains grown under slightly saline soil conditions. The findings indicate the impact of sowing time on the chemical composition of chickpea, including its nutritional and medicinal properties.

Automatіon of іrrіgatіon іs a promіsіng approach іn mіnіmіzіng the wastage of іrrіgatіon loss and іmprovіng the effіcіency of water use. Automatіon helps to іrrіgate only when there іs acute requіrement of water and delіver nutrіents іn controlled and precіse manner whіch helps to save tіme, resource wіth іncreased effіcіency and outcome of agrіculture.