In the context of Egyptian agriculture, where potato cultivation plays a crucial role in food security and economic stability, the efficiency of planting techniques significantly impacts crop yield and quality. This study presents the design, development, and evaluation of a cutting-edge small potato planter tailored to the unique needs of Egyptian farmers. The proposed planter integrates advanced mechanical and technological features to enhance planting precision, reduce labor intensity, and optimize resource use. Key innovations include adjustable planting depth, improved seed spacing mechanisms, and a robust yet lightweight construction suited for small to medium-sized farms.

Field trials demonstrate that the new planter significantly improves planting accuracy and operational efficiency compared to traditional methods. Results show a notable increase in crop uniformity and yield, along with reduced planting time and labor costs. This innovation holds promise for transforming potato farming practices in Egypt, offering a practical solution to enhance productivity and sustainability in the sector. The study concludes with recommendations for further refinement and widespread adoption of the new planter to support the advancement of Egyptian agriculture.

Tomato is a heat-loving annual crop that belongs to the nightshade family. Seeds begin to germinate at temperatures no lower than 10–15 °C. At a soil temperature of 15 °C, 14–22 days pass from sowing to emergence, and if it is below 10 °C, the seeds do not germinate at all.

The article presents the results of the experimental studies on determining the optimal values of the roller of the plowed land and selecting its type on the basis of this. In experimental studies, the provision of complete processing of the field surface is ensured mainly by the selection of the type of roller and the planer for installation on the roller, in order to obtain the required level of moisture for seed germination according to agrotechnical requirements. it is noted that there are gear-plate, rod working parts. In order to verify these obtained results, we made plate, gear-plate, and rod coils, which have a constant diameter, and conducted experimental studies using them. In experimental studies, after using different rollers with a constant diameter, the influence of soil compaction, density and tensile strength was studied. In order to reduce the influence of various variable factors on the obtained results, the experiments were carried out on a specially prepared agro background, that is, it was first plowed and then leveled.

In order to test the theoretically based parameters of the roller selected for conducting experimental studies in field conditions, the bases of the roller with a coverage width of 1.5 m and fixed-diameter bases with slats, toothed-slats, and wire plates to be installed on them were developed. released and prepared.

Based on the results of experimental studies, the following can be noted: in order to ensure that the compaction quality and density of the soil meet the agrotechnical requirements, and to ensure that the rolling resistance is minimal, it is necessary to have a gear-plate roller.

Plastic materials play a crucial role in modern European agriculture, offering solutions that enhance productivity, efficiency, and sustainability. This study provides a comprehensive review of the current utilization of plastic materials in agricultural practices across Europe and explores prospective developments shaping the future of their application. The review covers various uses of plastics, including irrigation systems, greenhouse coverings, mulching films, and protective barriers, highlighting their contributions to improving crop yields, resource management, and operational efficiency.

Current practices reveal that plastic materials are integral to contemporary agricultural techniques, offering significant advantages such as water conservation, temperature regulation, and weed control. Despite these benefits, the study also addresses concerns related to environmental impacts, including plastic waste and soil degradation. The analysis emphasizes ongoing efforts to mitigate these issues through the development of biodegradable plastics and recycling programs.

Looking ahead, the study identifies emerging trends and innovations poised to further transform the use of plastics in agriculture. These include advancements in smart plastics with embedded sensors for precision farming, enhanced recycling technologies, and the adoption of sustainable materials. The potential for these innovations to address current challenges and improve the overall sustainability of European agriculture is discussed.