Soil cover formation within river basin landscapes represents the integrated outcome of sedimentary processes, geomorphological evolution, hydrological regimes, and long-term anthropogenic management. Contemporary soil science increasingly recognizes that soil properties cannot be fully understood without accounting for spatial heterogeneity generated by microrelief, river terraces, floodplain dynamics, and land reclamation practices. This study presents a comprehensive theoretical and analytical synthesis of soil particle size distribution, soil cover ecological state, and agrophysical functioning across diverse geomorphological settings at the river basin scale. Drawing strictly on the referenced scholarly corpus, the article elaborates the conceptual significance of fractal dimension approaches to particle size distribution, the geomorphological controls exerted by river terraces and floodplains, and the modifying influence of microrelief on hydrothermal soil regimes. Special attention is given to alluvial and solonetzic soil complexes, irrigation-induced transformations, and the role of leguminous and fodder crops in altering soil agrophysical and agrochemical properties. The methodology is grounded in text-based comparative analysis, interpretive synthesis of sedimentological and ecological soil indicators, and conceptual extrapolation of empirical findings presented in the cited literature. Results are discussed in descriptive terms, emphasizing patterns of spatial differentiation, ecological stability, and functional resilience of soils under varying natural and managed conditions. The discussion critically evaluates theoretical implications, addresses limitations inherent in scale-dependent soil analysis, and outlines future research directions integrating fractal theory, geomorphology, and sustainable land management. The article contributes a unified academic framework for understanding soil cover dynamics as a complex, multi-scalar system shaped by both natural processes and human intervention, with implications for ecological assessment, irrigation planning, and agroecosystem sustainability.  

Soil cover formation, particle size distribution, fractal dimension

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