This article highlights the importance of the preparatory period of preschool age in the adaptation of children with special educational needs to school education. In particular, the issues of forming graphomotor skills, developing fine motor skills, and strengthening visual-spatial perception in children with speech impairments are scientifically analyzed. The article considers the psychological and physiological factors of preparation for the writing process, the stages of developing graphomotor activity, and specific aspects of children's cognitive development. It also provides practical exercises, games, and methodological recommendations that can be used in the preschool education process. The results of the study show that the development of fine motor skills, visual memory, and spatial imagination in preschool age are important factors in the successful adaptation of children to school education.