Anemia is a common blood disorder characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin levels, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Pharmacotherapy plays a crucial role in managing anemia by addressing underlying causes and restoring normal hemoglobin levels. This article explores the current state of pharmacological treatments for anemia, including erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, iron supplements, and newer innovative therapies such as erythroid maturation agents. It also discusses the challenges and future directions in the field of anemia pharmacotherapy.

The article discusses connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) and its genetic basis, classification issues in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), research on CTD in Uzbekistan, and the association of CTD with cardiovascular complications, particularly arrhythmias. Various studies and classifications related to CTD are mentioned, emphasizing the genetic mutations underlying the disease and the prevalence of arrhythmias in syndromic forms such as Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. The text underscores the importance of close monitoring, early detection, and appropriate management of arrhythmias in patients with CTD to optimize outcomes and reduce complications.

Based on the foregoing, the purpose of this work is to establish in posttal ontogenesis the laws of the formation and involution of bronchial vascular and lymphatic systems in a person, epithelial connective tissue relationships in the air and respiratory parts of the lung (1.4).

This article discusses the main points of the clinical course, the difficulties of diagnosis and a number of aspects of the mechanisms of development of chronic calculous cholecystitis. The issues of modern diagnosis of chronic calculous cholecystitis and its complications are considered.

Interest in studying the problem of diarrhea in children is due to their wide distribution (1-1.2 billion cases per year worldwide according to WHO, 2010), polyetiology, difficulty of differential diagnosis and tendency to acute and chronic course. In recent years, foreign and domestic authors have attached increasing importance to the so-called antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), components: 6-40% in the structure of intestinal diseases. In the etiological structure of  AAD in young children, the share of C.difficile  infection was 47%. A rusk factor for development is also combination therapy with antibiotics.

Calcium is certainly one of the most important elements of the human body. Calcium is necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses, blood clotting, secretory activity, cell differentiation and death, the implementation of the immune response, some enzymatic processes, the process of muscle contraction, etc. The concentration of calcium in the blood can vary by no more than 3% and is subject to strict control by the homeostasis system, and is also regulated by the hormonal system.

The level of calcium in the blood is regulated by two hormones, as well as calcitriol. In addition, the level of calcium in the blood can change under the influence of heavy metals. The process of calcium absorption and the processes of its removal from the body are influenced by many factors - the state of the hormonal system, the quality of food, the intensity of the training process, etc. At the same time, uncontrolled consumption of calcium by athletes entails extremely negative consequences.

Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) in the upper trapezius muscle is a common and often debilitating condition characterized by the presence of trigger points and associated pain. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT) as a treatment modality for MPS in the upper trapezius. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with participants diagnosed with MPS. Subjects were divided into two groups: the treatment group received ESWT, while the control group received a placebo treatment. Outcome measures included pain intensity, assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and functional disability, measured by the Neck Disability Index (NDI). Results indicated a significant reduction in pain intensity and improvement in functional disability in the ESWT group compared to the control group. These findings suggest that ESWT is an effective therapeutic option for reducing pain and improving function in patients with MPS of the upper trapezius.

The article contains recommendations for providing food in accordance with physiological norms for the process of restoring the energy used for the recovery of the athlete's body and adjusting the diet depending on the content of necessary nutrients (proteins, minerals, water, mineral products) in the provision of plastic substances.

A clinical case of a patient with multiple myeloma with Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome was analyzed. The effectiveness of treatment according to the VRD protocol in the first line in the treatment of multiple myeloma with concomitant congenital mutations was assessed. An early relapse of the disease was revealed, requiring polychemotherapy with monoclonal antibodies.

The article discusses the association between connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) and arrhythmias, particularly focusing on mitral valve prolapse as a potential risk factor for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Various studies emphasize the structural and mechanical abnormalities in the heart that contribute to arrhythmogenic phenotypes in CTD patients, such as fibrosis, mitral annular disjunction, and accessory chordae. Additionally, the text explores the role of autoantibodies, cardiac remodeling, and autoimmune processes in mediating rhythm disturbances and cardiac complications in CTD. The importance of ECG analysis, neural networks, and stress tests in detecting and monitoring arrhythmias in CTD patients is highlighted. The research underscores the significance of understanding the morphological basis and pathophysiological mechanisms of arrhythmias in CTD patients to improve therapeutic strategies and enhance patient outcomes.

This article explores the detrimental effects of both polyparasmia (multitasking) and polypharmacy (prescribing multiple medications) on individual health and well-being. Polyparasmia can lead to cognitive overload, decreased productivity, and stress, impacting mental and physical health. On the other hand, polypharmacy increases the risk of adverse drug interactions, side effects, non-adherence to medication regimens, and higher healthcare costs. Healthcare providers and patients need to be aware of these risks and work together to optimize treatment plans and minimize the complications associated with multitasking and polypharmacy.

The pulmonary vessels and their endothelium plays the role of a physiological barrier for numerous biologically active substances, then the epithelium and connective tissue basis of the airways perform a barrier-protective function in relation to various environmental factors [1]. The bronchial secret produced by the mucous membrane is the result of the complex integration of the transudation of the plasma components of the blood, the secretory activity of the bronchial epithelium, glands, the cells of the connective tissue and blood cells (neutrophils, fat cells, eosinophils, macrophages, etc.). From the presented few literature presented, it becomes obvious that the structure of the lung function is closely integrated with the lymphatic system. Located in the immediate vicinity of both peribronchial and alveolar blood capillaries, the flow of lymph goes along the bronchial tree and along the subpleural tissue, in its most lungs and the lymph nodes located here, as well as tangential along the plane of the pleura [2.3] .

Based on the foregoing, the purpose of this work is to establish in posttal ontogenesis the laws of the formation and involution of bronchial vascular and lymphatic systems in a person, epithelial connective tissue relationships in the air and respiratory parts of the lung (1.4).

The given scientific article analyses the dynamics of quantitative alterations in peripheral leukocytes and hematopoietic elements in blood during the period of COVID-19 and recovery. We studied the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the hematopoietic system, lymphocytopenia and eosinopenia during the course of the disease, control of the recovery period from the disease by monitoring the dynamics of the number of formed elements.

As world statistics show, 60% of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis develop bronchopulmonary pathology. According to foreign authors, the number of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis increases annually by 1.5-2%, and today more than 2/3 of inpatients are affected by this pathology. Due to the anatomical, physiological and complementary characteristics of the upper and lower respiratory tracts, there is a tendency towards a protracted course of rhinosinusitis, which in turn leads to the spread of the infectious process to the lower respiratory tract. It should be noted that existing foci of infection in the upper respiratory tract spread to the lower respiratory tract through microaspiration after an acute respiratory illness, which is the cause of the development of chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, and in particular pneumonia. It should be noted that despite the efforts of a number of specialists in the treatment of penmonia, in recent years there has been a significant increase in the incidence rate, as well as, unfortunately, an increase in mortality among people of various age groups.

The article presents a generalized experimentally tested model of the structure of special motor modes and procedures for their practical implementation to improve the processing function of the brain during intensive vestibulo-proprioceptive afferentation during physical activity.

A wide range of cardiac effects are observed during the acute phase of COVID-19. Interestingly, troponin levels are raised in 8–28% of instances, while systolic myocardial dysfunction symptoms are not always evident. Subclinical myocardial dysfunction is more common and is commonly defined as a decrease in the left ventricle's global longitudinal strain (LV GLS). Up to 80% of individuals exhibit this alteration while they are in the hospital. LV GLS is a crucial component in risk assessment for follow-up care and a strong independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. The first results on the long-term cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 one year after hospitalization are presented in this study. One year after discharge, we found that patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had a negative trend in LV GLS and deformation metrics in the apical and certain middle segments of the LV myocardium, as compared to data collected three months after discharge. The purpose of the study is to look at the prevalence and clinical significance of long-term heart injury following COVID-19. In order to do this, we examined patient data and categorized patients a year following hospital discharge according to their LV GLS values. This method aids in comprehending the clinical ramifications of long-term cardiac injury after COVID-19.