Currently, standardized instruments related to a series of patient assessments are used in Russian cardiology to assess patients' quality of life. These include general quality of life questionnaires, specific quality of life questionnaires for cardiovascular diseases, and specific quality of life questionnaires for specific cardiac conditions. Accumulated domestic and international experience in assessing quality of life in patients with cardiovascular diseases demonstrates the potential of this method in cardiology and opens up new opportunities to improve the quality of medical care for this large and complex patient population. The first major quality-of-life studies in clinical medicine were conducted in cardiovascular diseases. Their results revealed that traditional criteria for assessing therapeutic effectiveness, based on a wide range of laboratory and instrumental parameters, reflect only the physical component of the disease process but do not provide a complete picture of the patient's well-being, which includes, along with physical well-being, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and social functioning.

Studies, addiction, physical, psychological

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