Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is a minimally invasive and effective treatment for uterine fibroids. To assess early postoperative changes in serum and salivary levels of estradiol and progesterone, as well as serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), in women undergoing UAE. This prospective observational study included 46 women with uterine fibroids who underwent UAE and 46 age- and cycle-matched healthy controls. Serum estradiol, progesterone, and SHBG, along with salivary estradiol and progesterone, were measured before embolization, 6–8 hours after the procedure, 24 hours later, and on days 6–8 postoperatively. Hormone concentrations were determined using immunoassay techniques. Statistical analysis was performed with significance set at P<0.05. UAE was associated with a progressive decrease in serum estradiol and progesterone levels, reaching maximal reduction on days 6–8. In contrast, SHBG levels increased significantly at all postoperative time points, with an almost fourfold rise by days 6–8 (p<0.001). Salivary analysis revealed a pronounced decline in free estradiol and progesterone, with reductions exceeding those observed in serum hormone levels. UAE induces transient endocrine alterations characterized by reduced ovarian steroidogenesis and decreased hormone bioavailability mediated by increased SHBG. Salivary hormone assessment provides valuable insight into functional endocrine changes after UAE.

Uterine artery embolization, uterine fibroids, estradiol, progesterone

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