Preimplantation genetic diagnosis has existed for more than 20 years, during which time the range of possibilities of assisted reproductive technologies and the potential of molecular genetic diagnosis of single cells have significantly expanded. To date, preimplantation diagnosis has evolved from an experimental procedure to a valid and earliest form of prenatal diagnosis, while expanding the range of indications.   Women of older reproductive age - 35 years and older.  Couples with a history of more than three spontaneous early terminations of pregnancy (habitual miscarriage).  Men with severe disorders of spermatogenesis - oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, severe oligozoospermia, azoospermia. Couples with repeated unsuccessful IVF attempts - more than three unsuccessful attempts.  Mitochondrial diseases caused by nuclear DNA mutations are transmitted according to Mendelian laws, hence the pattern of PGD should be the same as for monogenic diseases. The inheritance of mitochondrial diseases caused by mtDNA mutations is complicated by heteroplasmy (genetic heterogeneity of the mitochondrial population), different levels of heteroplasmy in different oocytes, random distribution of mtDNA molecules between blastocyst cells, and the fact that the proportion of mutant mtDNA molecules may vary differently in tissues during the development and life of the organism. This has transformed PGD from an experimental procedure to a valid and earliest form of PD, while expanding the range of indications.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis, prenatal diagnosis

Torjesen I. UK moves a step closer to being first country in world to allow “three parent babies” // BMJ. – 2013g.2.Nass M., Mass S. Intramitochondrial fibers with DNA characteristics. I. fixation and electron staining reactions // J. Cell. Biol. — 1963. — N 19. — R.593-611. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.19.3.593.

Chicherin I., Levitskiy S., Krashennikov I. i dr. Perspektivyi gennoy terapii mitohondrialnyih bolezney: BEZ CRISPR/CAS9 ne oboytis? // Vestnik RGMU – 2017 - #3 – S.46-51. https://doi.org/10.24075/brsmu.2017-03-05

Schatz G., Klima J. Triphosphopyridine nucleotide: cytochrome C reductase of Saccharomyces Cerevisiaea ‘microsomal enzyme // Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. — 1964. — V. 81, N 3. — R.448–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/0926-6569(64)90130-0.

Anderson S. Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome // Nature. — 1981. — V. 290, N 5806. — R.457-465. https://doi.org/10.1038/290457a0.

Andrews R. Reanalysis and revision of the Cambridge reference sequence for human mitochondrial DNA // Nat. Genet. — 1999. — Vol. 23, N 2. — R. 147. https://doi.org/10.1038/13779.

Wolf D., Mitalipov N., Mitalipov S. Mitochondrial replacement therapy in reproductive medicine // Trends Mol. Med. – 2015 – V. 21 (2) – P.68–76. https://doi.10.1016/j.molmed.2014.12.001.

Voropaeva E., Maksimov B., Malyutina C. Obzor svoystv i metodov issledovaniya mitohondrialnoy DNK. – 2016 g. 14.00.00 meditsinskie nauki (14.03.00 Mediko-biologicheskie nauki) UDK 577.21-07.

Hui-Shan Liu, Pei-Lun Chu. Three-parent embryo: The therapeutic future for inherited mitochondrial diseases // Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. — 2014. — N.114. — S. 1027-1028. https://www.researchgate.net/deref/http://dx.doi.org/F10.1016/j.jfma.2014.04.007

Kudratova D.S., Ikhtiyarova G.A., Davlatov S.S. Medical and social problems of the development of congenital malformations during a pandemic // International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2021. Т. 13. № 1. Р. 756-760. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=09752366&AN=155803020&h=NOF%2FASaEiWWKfpakInniFkAAEHQF1cPYLiBttH8BPpgrSYN31sdVnWSouWP4rSC1KU1q9P0MAml3pA%2Fpt6OBOA%3D%3D&crl=c

Kudratova, D. S. ., Karimova, G. K. ., & Narzullaeva, N. S. . (2022). COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS OF PRENATAL CAUSES OF FETAL ANOMALIES IN THE BUKHARA REGION. Conferences, 35–45. извлечено от http://journals.scinnovations.uz/index.php/aposo/article/view/368

Preimplantation genetic screening in women of advanced maternal age caused a decrease inclinical pregnancy rate: a randomized controlled trial / Handarson T. [et al.] // Hum. Reprod.— 2008.— Vol. 23, N. 12.— P. 2806–2812.

Ikhtiyarova, G. A., and Kudratova D. Sh. "Optimization of prenatal screening for diagnostics of intrauterine anomlies of fetal development Journal of ethics and diversity in international communication 2022 Issue 8." 44-49.

Кудратова Д.Ш. Медико-социальные проблемы развития врожденных пороков в период пандеми// Вестник науки и образования Москва 2020 ,№ 22(100) Часть 3,57 стр

Ikhtiyarova, G. A., and D. Sh Kudratova. "Ecological Risk Factors for Intrauterine Anomalies of Fetal Development." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SYSTEMS AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 1.4 (2022): 331-335.

Ikhtiyarova, G. A., and D. Sh Kudratova. "Non-Instrumental Risk Predictors of Intrauterine Fetal Malformations." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SYSTEMS AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 1.4 (2022): 355-360.

Ikhtiyarova, G. A., & Kudratova, D. S. (2022). Ecological Risk Factors for Intrauterine Anomalies of Fetal Development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SYSTEMS AND MEDICAL SCIENCES, 1(4), 331-335.

Ikhtiyarova, G. A., & Kudratova, D. S. (2022). Non-Instrumental Risk Predictors of Intrauterine Fetal Malformations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SYSTEMS AND MEDICAL SCIENCES, 1(4), 355-360.

Иxтиярова, Г., & Кудратова, Д. (2021). РАННИЕ МАРКЁРЫ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ВНУТРИУТРОБНЫХ АНОМАЛИЙ РАЗВИТИЯ ПЛОДА. Журнал вестник врача, 1(4), 45-50.

Кудратова, Д. Ш. (2016). To prevalence among main component of the metabolic syndrome. Биология и интегративная медицина, (2), 62-71.

Kudratova, D. S. H., Ismatova, M. I., & Ihtiyarova, G. A. This article analyzes the causes of intrauterine fetus development delay in newborns. It was found out that the most frequent risk factors for birth of children with IFDDR are pregnancy pathology, somatic and infectious diseases of a mother before pregnancy as well as during it and also the unbalanced and poor nutrition of pregnant women. Key words: children with a small weight, fruit arrest of development, microelement, risk factors. ЕДИЦИНА, 50.

Каттаходжаева, М. Х., Кудратова, Д. Ш., Ризаева, М. А., & Кодирова, З. Н. (2023). КЛИНИКО-ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПАЦИЕНТОК С ДОБРОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ ШЕЙКИ МАТКИ. ЖУРНАЛ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО ЗДОРОВЬЯ И УРО-НЕФРОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ, 4(1).

Каттаходжаева, М. Х., Кудратова, Д. Ш., & Кодырова, З. Н. (2023). Влияние Ультразвуковой Кавитации На Микробиоценоз Влагалища Женщин, Страдающих Рецидивирующим Кольпитом. Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, 4(3), 191-197.

Каттаходжаева, М. Х., & Шарифовна, Қ. Д. (2022). HOMILA ANTENATAL NUQSONLARI RIVOJLANISHINING XAVF OMILLARINI ERTA BASHORATLASH PREDIKTORLARI. ЖУРНАЛ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО ЗДОРОВЬЯ И УРО-НЕФРОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ, 3(4).

Кудратова, Д. Ш., & Каттаходжаева, М. Х. (2022). ПРОФИЛАКТИКА И ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ РОЖДЕНИЯ МАЛОВЕСНЫХ ДЕТЕЙ. ЖУРНАЛ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО ЗДОРОВЬЯ И УРО-НЕФРОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ, 3(4).

Каттаходжаева, М. Х. (2022). Кудратова Дильноза Шарифовна. JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND URO-NEPHROLOGY RESEARCH, 3(4), 36-39.

Кудратова, Д. Ш., Туксанова, Д. И., & Ходжаева, Р. Х. (2020). ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ МЕТОДОВ К ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЮ ОВАРИАЛЬНОЙ АРОМАТАЗЫ ПРИ СИНДРОМЕ ПОЛИКИСТОЗНЫХ ЯИЧНИКОВ. In Университетская наука: взгляд в будущее (pp. 568-572).

Кудратова, Д. Ш., Туксанова, Д. И., & Ходжаева, Р. Х. (2019). Современные методические подходы к определению овариальнойароматазы при синдроме поликистозных яичников. Reproductive Medicine, (2 (39)), 29-37.

Kudratova, D. S., Tuksanova, D. I., & Khodjaeva, R. K. (2019). MODERN METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE DEFINITION OF OVARIAN AROMATASE IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME. Reproductive Medicine, (2 (39)), 29-37.

Кудратова, Д. Ш., & Туксанова, Д. И. (2018). СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ПОДХОД РОДОВОЗБУЖДЕНИЯ У ПАЦИЕНТОК С ДОРОДОВЫМ ИЗЛИТИЕМ ОКОЛОПЛОДНЫХ ВОД НА ФОНЕ ОТСУТСТВИЯ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ГОТОВНОСТИ К РОДАМ. In ЛУЧШАЯ НАУЧНАЯ СТАТЬЯ 2018 (pp. 254-259).

Каттаходжаева, М. Х., Муртазаев, С. М., Енькова, Е. В., Кудратова, Д. Ш., & Хасанов, Ш. М. ЭНДОГЕННЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА РАЗВИТИЯ ВРОЖДЕННОЙ РАСЩЕЛИНЫ ВЕРХНЕЙ ГУБЫ И НЕБА, ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРЕНАТАЛЬНОЙ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ.

Кудратова, Д. Ш. Каттаходжаева Махмуда Хамдамовна. JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND URO-NEPHROLOGY RESEARCH, 49.

Ихтиярова, Г. А., Кудратова, Д. Ш., & Давлатов, С. С. PROBLEMS OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE.

Исматова, М. И., & Кудратова, Д. Ш. СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА ТЕЧЕНИЕ НЕОНАТАЛЬНОГО И ПОЗДНЕГО ПОСТНАТАЛЬНОГО ПЕРИОДА У ДЕТЕЙ С СИНДРОМОМ ЗАДЕРЖКИ РАЗВИТИЯ ПЛОДА ПЛОДА. ТОМ V, 158.