Diagnostic features in ruptures of the long head of the biceps

Abstract

The article is devoted to the current issues of diagnosing ruptures of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle (DGDMP), which are a common pathology in the practice of traumatologists-orthopedists and surgeons. The main clinical tests, such as the Yergason and Spid tests, which allow for the detection of characteristic injury symptoms (pain in supination and arm lifting), have been examined. However, their sensitivity and specificity are limited, necessitating the use of instrumental diagnostic methods. The article describes the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasound is an accessible and non-invasive method that allows visualization of tendon ruptures, especially during dynamic examination. MRI, in turn, provides high diagnostic accuracy (up to 98% specificity) and allows for the assessment of concomitant injuries such as rotating cuff tears or joint lip pathologies. Based on the analysis of clinical cases and research data, it has been shown that a combination of physical examination and MRI is the most effective strategy for diagnosis verification. Early and accurate diagnosis of BDMP ruptures plays a key role in choosing treatment tactics (conservative or surgical) and preventing complications such as chronic pain, decreased shoulder function, and development of arthrosis. The article is addressed to traumatologists-orthopedists, surgeons, and sports medicine specialists, and can also be useful for doctors engaged in the rehabilitation of patients with shoulder joint pathologies.