Hysteroscopy and the use of immune markers play a crucial role in diagnosing female infertility. Recent studies highlight their increasing significance in reproductive medicine, as technological advancements have enhanced diagnostic accuracy. This method allows for direct visualization of the uterine cavity, enabling the identification of abnormalities such as polyps, fibroids, or other pathologies that may impair a woman’s ability to conceive. Immunological markers, on the other hand, help assess the patient’s immune status and detect potential autoimmune disorders that might contribute to infertility. The combination of these diagnostic approaches increases the likelihood of identifying factors that hinder pregnancy. Furthermore, integrating hysteroscopic findings with immunological profiling can provide a more targeted treatment approach, ultimately improving fertility outcomes. The study aims to explore the efficacy of hysteroscopy and immunogenetic marker analysis in accurately diagnosing infertility and guiding treatment decisions. Hysteroscopy and the use of immune markers play a crucial role in diagnosing female infertility. This method allows for direct visualization of the uterine cavity, enabling the identification of abnormalities such as polyps, fibroids, or other pathologies that may impair a woman’s ability to conceive. Immunological markers, on the other hand, help assess the patient’s immune status and detect potential autoimmune disorders that might contribute to infertility. The combination of these diagnostic approaches increases the likelihood of identifying factors that hinder pregnancy.

Modern research highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach that considers both morphological changes and immune responses, ultimately allowing physicians to diagnose infertility more accurately and select effective treatment strategies. Therefore, the use of hysteroscopy and immunological markers in reproductive medicine is becoming an integral part of comprehensive examinations for women experiencing infertility issues.

Infertility, hysteroscopy, immune markers

Dawood, A. S., & El-Refaie, A. A. (2015). The role of hysteroscopy in the assessment of unexplained infertility. The Middle East Fertility Society Journal, 20(2), 83-86.

Cicinelli, E., & de Ziegler, D. (2017). Chronic endometritis: A common disease hidden behind endometrial polyps. Human Reproduction, 32(8), 1570-1575.

La Marca, A., & Sunkara, S. K. (2014). Individualization of controlled ovarian stimulation in IVF using ovarian reserve markers: From theory to practice. Human Reproduction Update, 20(1), 124-140.

Marshall, L., & Christensen, B. (2011). Review of immunogenetic markers and their significance in reproductive medicine. Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 22(6), 533-542.

Langley, S. (2015). Clinical significance of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in assessing ovarian reserve. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 100(2), 523-530.

Katz, A. V., & Wilson, R. (2014). Effectiveness of hysteroscopy in infertility diagnosis. Fertility and Sterility, 102(3), 576-582.

Khikmatova, N. I., Garib, V. F., Pakhomova, Zh. E., & Garib, F. Yu. (2020). Determination of antisperm IgE antibodies in infertile women with chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 65(7), 435-438.

Immunogenetic risk factors for reproductive dysfunction in women with endometriosis. Fundamental Research. Retrieved from https://fundamental-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=36333

Hysteroscopy and infertility treatment in women. Fenix Medica. Retrieved from https://fenixmedica.ru/services/gisteroskopija-i-lechenie-besplodija-u-zh/

The use of immunogenetic markers in the diagnosis of infertility. State Budgetary Educational Institution. Retrieved from https://elar.ssmu.ru/bitstream/20.500.12701/3407/1/diss_ssmu-2013-19.pdf

Dawood, A. S., & El-Refaie, A. A. (2015). The role of hysteroscopy in the assessment of unexplained infertility. The Middle East Fertility Society Journal, 20(2), 83-86.

Cicinelli, E., & de Ziegler, D. (2017). Chronic endometritis: A common disease hidden behind endometrial polyps. Human Reproduction, 32(8), 1570-1575.

La Marca, A., & Sunkara, S. K. (2014). Individualization of controlled ovarian stimulation in IVF using ovarian reserve markers: From theory to practice. Human Reproduction Update, 20(1), 124-140.

Marshall, L., & Christensen, B. (2011). Review of immunogenetic markers and their significance in reproductive medicine. Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 22(6), 533-542.

Langley, S. (2015). Clinical significance of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in assessing ovarian reserve. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 100(2), 523-530.

Katz, A. V., & Wilson, R. (2014). Effectiveness of hysteroscopy in infertility diagnosis. Fertility and Sterility, 102(3), 576-582.

Khikmatova, N. I., Garib, V. F., Pakhomova, Zh. E., & Garib, F. Yu. (2020). Determination of antisperm IgE antibodies in infertile women with chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 65(7), 435-438.