This study explores the application of transposition theory in the translation process from English to Indonesian. Transposition theory, as developed by Catford, focuses on the shifts and adjustments required when translating between languages, particularly regarding grammatical structures, lexical choices, and cultural nuances. Through a detailed analysis of translated texts, this paper examines how transposition theory informs and influences translation strategies, highlighting the challenges and solutions encountered in rendering English texts into Indonesian. Case studies are employed to illustrate theoretical principles in practical translation scenarios, offering insights into the complexities and considerations involved in cross-linguistic communication.

Objectives:

In view of the changes that happened after Nakba which this reality wrought in all aspects of everyday life, we wish to see how this was reflected in very short stories and the extent to which writers used the grotesque in order to describe the unfortunate situation in which people found themselves, the resulting tendency to avoid the dominant ideologies and ideas and to attempt to promote marginal notions, for the purpose of stimulating the reader and restoring his equilibrium.  

Methods:

In this study I will examine the use of grotesque events in very short stories written by Palestinians from three different sectors: Palestinians inside Israel, Palestinians in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, and Palestinians abroad. Our aim is to discover how the distorted reality imposed by the wake of the War of 1948 affected the use of the grotesque as a literary technique for expressing this reality. The study consists of two parts. In the theoretical part we define the grotesque in literature and its use by writers, especially since the twentieth century. In the applied part we analyze very short Palestinian stories of three types and examine the use of the grotesque in them.

Conclusions:

I Found that The grotesque in the stories reflects the state of decline among human beings on every level, especially in the superficial and mechanical way people treat their fellow human beings, and the lack of empathy with the other.

The primary objective of this study is to explore the speeches made by well-known political figure in Pakistan, Mr. Imran Khan, following his removal on April 10, 2022. The research explores the persuasiveness of Khan's speeches, spurred on by his considerable influence, especially among young people. The context of Fairclough's 3D model was used to  analyze five carefully selected speeches that were given between June 19, 2022, and March 25, 2023. After being translated from Urdu into English, the speeches were examined. Using the 3D model required close examination of the discourse practices, text, and sociocultural background in order to reveal the complex relationships between language, power, and sociopolitical setting in Pakistan. The analysis shows how skillfully Khan uses rhetorical elements like irony, satire, and intertextuality to address important topics, advocate for change, and raise social consciousness. These findings shed light on wider issues of public opinion, government, and social standards in addition to helping to comprehend Khan's communication tactics. This research sets the stage for future discussions on discourse analysis, political communication dynamics, and the role of language in shaping political discourse, ultimately enhancing our understanding of modern political dialogue in Pakistan.

This study investigates the perceptions of graduate and undergraduate students regarding the effective utilization of social networking sites (SNS). Through surveys and interviews, data were collected to explore how students perceive the benefits, challenges, and strategies for using SNS in academic and professional contexts. The findings highlight diverse perspectives on the role of SNS in enhancing communication, collaboration, and networking opportunities among students. Recommendations are offered to optimize SNS usage for educational and career advancement purposes.

This article looks at how student life and education are different and similar in Uzbekistan and the United States. It covers living situations, making friends, activities outside of class, money matters, what students study, and family life. The article also shows how translation helps understand these differences, making education better for everyone.

In this article, the term graduonimia (leveling) developed in Uzbek linguistics and advanced in world linguistics and some features related to its emergence through euphemistic units were analyzed linguistically.