Multilingualism is a defining feature of Pakistan’s linguistic landscape, with numerous languages spoken across regions and communities. However, attitudes toward multilingualism can vary significantly between generations, particularly between parents and children. This study explores the views of parents and children in Pakistan regarding the advantages, challenges, and social implications of multilingualism. Through a combination of surveys and interviews, the study investigates how language preferences and attitudes differ between these two groups. Findings suggest that while parents generally view multilingualism as a valuable asset for cultural preservation and economic opportunity, children exhibit a more complex relationship with multilingualism, influenced by peer interactions, education, and the desire for social mobility. The study highlights the generational gap in perceptions of language use, showing that parents are more inclined to support multilingualism as a cultural heritage, while children focus on the practical and global advantages of language proficiency. This research underscores the need for educational policies and community initiatives that bridge these generational divides and promote the benefits of multilingualism in a globalized world.

Vocabulary acquisition plays a pivotal role in language learning, and the ability to retain and recall vocabulary over time is essential for fluent communication. This study investigates the effectiveness of word association strategies in enhancing vocabulary acquisition and cementing it into long-term memory. By linking new vocabulary words to familiar concepts, images, or related words, word association creates meaningful connections that facilitate deeper learning and recall. The research utilizes a mixed-methods approach, combining experimental techniques with surveys and cognitive tests to measure vocabulary retention among participants who used word association strategies. The results suggest that participants who employed word association demonstrated significantly better retention and recall of vocabulary compared to those who relied on rote memorization. The findings highlight the potential of word association as a powerful tool in vocabulary learning, offering implications for both language educators and learners. By fostering connections between new words and existing knowledge, word association strategies can optimize vocabulary retention and improve language proficiency over the long term.