Legal decision-making is shaped by a variety of factors, including cultural norms, societal values, and professional training. This study explores the differences and similarities in how legal decisions are made by legal professionals and lay people in two distinct cultural contexts: Korea and the United States. Through a comparative analysis, the research investigates how cultural, legal, and social factors influence the decision-making processes of legal professionals (judges, lawyers) and lay individuals (jurors, citizens) in both countries. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys and in-depth interviews with legal professionals and lay people to identify the key factors that impact legal judgments in each society. The results reveal significant differences in the role of societal values, legal education, and the perceived role of law in shaping legal outcomes. While American legal decision-making tends to emphasize individual rights and adversarial proceedings, Korean decision-making reflects a more collectivist and harmony-oriented approach. The study provides insights into how cultural dimensions influence the interpretation of law, the role of empathy and community, and the balance between fairness and justice in legal proceedings. Ultimately, the research contributes to the growing understanding of cross-cultural legal processes and suggests the need for culturally sensitive approaches in international legal cooperation and comparative legal studies.

This article discusses the activities of local council deputies within the framework of Uzbekistan's legislation, focusing on the issues of their accountability, the legal basis for holding them liable, the right to immunity granted to local council deputies, the procedure for early termination of their powers, and other aspects requiring attention.

In addition, the article presents relevant conclusions and recommendations derived from the analysis of the issues related to holding local council deputies accountable.

The article provides a comparative analysis of public relations related to the organization and regulation of the activities of charitable foundations in the USA, England, and Uzbekistan in educational institutions. Based on the analysis of national legislation, the features of the management of higher educational institutions are disclosed. The issues of granting broad autonomy and freedom in this area were considered. At the same time, proposals were put forward to bring the foundations of higher education financing into line with modern requirements, not only traditional sources of financing, but also the creation of funds based on the study of foreign experience using methods of generality, similarity, identification of features, and comparison. Appropriate conclusions were drawn, as well as suggestions and recommendations that should be applied in the future in scientific research works. As one of the modern means of eliminating problems related to the financial independence of higher educational institutions, applying the experience of universities in foreign countries was proposed to create charitable foundations (Endowment). The author reveals the history of the development of charitable foundations in Western and Eastern countries, their current situation, and the relevance of the organization of charitable foundations for higher education institutions in order to increase the attractiveness of education.

The article describes the principle of judicial leadership in the conduct of court cases, the brief history of its formation and scientific views on its essence. The role of the court in the civil procedure changes depending on time and space, therefore, the need to conduct scientific research on what the role of the court is for today is revealed.

This paper examines the impact of Section 24 of Nigeria’s Criminal Code on criminal liability, focusing on how this provision shapes the interpretation of intent and responsibility in criminal cases. Section 24, which addresses the principle of mens rea—the guilty mind required for criminal liability—stipulates the conditions under which individuals may be held accountable for criminal acts. This study explores how Section 24 influences judicial decisions by analyzing its application in Nigerian courts, particularly in cases involving negligence, intent, and strict liability offenses. By investigating key cases and legal interpretations, the paper highlights both the strengths and limitations of Section 24 in defining criminal liability. The findings suggest that while Section 24 provides a foundational framework for establishing intent, its application raises complex questions about accountability, especially in cases involving mental incapacity or involuntary actions. Ultimately, this study calls for a critical review of Section 24 to ensure it aligns with evolving legal standards and the principles of justice.

This article explores the intersection of labor and administrative law in the regulation of public service relationships, emphasizing the distinctions and overlaps between labor contracts and service contracts. The author highlights that while labor law has a private legal nature and is characterized by equality between parties, public service relations are rooted in administrative law, reflecting the subordination of public servants to the state and serving public interests.

The article examines the nature and features of service contracts, presenting them as administrative-legal instruments crucial for public service regulation. Scholars' differing perspectives on whether service contracts should be classified under labor or administrative law are discussed. The study also considers the legislative frameworks in Uzbekistan and other countries, suggesting reforms to align service contracts more closely with administrative law.

Additionally, the concept and characteristics of administrative contracts are analyzed, with comparative insights drawn from European legal systems. The author advocates for legislative amendments to recognize service contracts as a distinct category within administrative law, ensuring a more precise legal framework for public service regulation.

This work contributes to the scholarly debate on the legal regulation of civil service by providing a comprehensive analysis of service and administrative contracts, highlighting their significance in public administration.

The article “The Constitution – A Guarantee of a Free and Prosperous Life” analyzes the role of the constitution in society and its significance in protecting human rights. As the primary legal document of the state structure, the constitution plays a crucial role in guaranteeing citizens’ freedoms and rights, regulating the powers of government, and ensuring democracy, the rule of law, and justice. The article discusses the uniqueness of the constitution, its historical development, and its role in ensuring a free and prosperous life in society. Moreover, the constitution regulates relations between the state and its citizens, limits governmental actions, and provides legal protection and fair governance for citizens. The article also examines the role of the constitution in state governance, human rights, social stability, and maintaining prosperity.

This article analyzes the admissibility of evidence in criminal proceedings. The norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the admissibility of evidence are analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis and research, the author's substantiated proposals and recommendations were developed.