The internationalization of higher education has become a global imperative, shaping national strategies and institutional priorities in many countries. In Uzbekistan, higher education internationalization represents a strategic component of educational reforms aimed at enhancing academic quality, competitiveness, and global integration. This article examines the goals underpinning Uzbekistan’s internationalization policies and analyzes the principal institutional challenges that universities face in aligning with global standards. Drawing upon policy documents, institutional reports, and comparative higher education research, the study highlights key areas of progress—such as curriculum reform, language instruction, and international partnerships—as well as persistent barriers including resource constraints, faculty development, and quality assurance frameworks. The findings suggest that while substantial policy momentum exists, effective implementation requires systemic coordination, capacity building, and sustained investment at both national and institutional levels.