This article analyzes the history of the emergence and development of the "refutation" movement in
the Islamic world, in particular from the perspective of Sunni theological sources, in a broader and more scientific
way. Refutation, that is, responding to misconceptions, innovations, and doubts with scientific evidence, began in
the early days of Islam, and its main goal is to ensure the preservation of Islamic teachings in their pure form. The
article examines the formation and development of the refutation movement in detail, starting from the time of
our Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, and the activities of the companions, followers, and
great scholars of later centuries in this direction, including Abdullah ibn Abbas's arguments against foreigners, and
the works of scholars such as Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Imam Bukhari, Imam Maturidi, and Abu
Mu'in Nasafi. The factors that influenced the formation of the apostasy movement, including various ideological
factions, jurisprudential debates, errors in Sufism, and philosophical influences outside Islam, are also examined.
At the end of the article, the scientific methodology, characteristics, and important role of the apostasy movement
in maintaining the unity of the Islamic Ummah are summarized

Apostasy, Sunnism, creed, bid'ah, foreigners

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