This article explores the psychological foundations and characteristics of independent thinking. Independent thinking is not only a cognitive skill but also a socio-psychological phenomenon that allows individuals to evaluate information critically, resist group pressure, and make autonomous decisions. Drawing upon classical and contemporary psychological theories, the paper highlights the role of family upbringing, education, and group interactions in shaping this capacity. Special attention is given to mechanisms such as conformism, nonconformism, social facilitation, and inhibition. The article concludes that independent thinking is a key resource for personal development, leadership, and societal innovation. 

Independent thinking, personality, cognition

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