This study discusses the suspicions raised by news reporters regarding the falsification of historical facts in the Islamic era, focusing on the methods and means used by these narrators to distort historical narratives. The aim of the study is to shed light on the historical events affected by the suspicions of the reporters, such as the events at Saqifah and the killing of the companion Hujr bin Adi, where reporters employed lying, fabrication, and false interpretation to reshape events in accordance with their biases. The study relies on a historical analytical methodology, based on reviewing both primary and modern sources, enabling researchers to assess the accuracy of historical narratives. It also highlights the role of reporters in disseminating misleading information and warns against accepting narratives without scrutiny. By analyzing these suspicions, the study emphasizes the importance of adhering to a critical methodology in the study of Islamic history and calls for a thorough review of historical accounts to ensure their validity before acceptance.  

News reporters, Falsification of facts, Historical narratives, Historical criticism, Suspicions.

al-Sakhāwī, Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (d. 902 AH). al-Iʿlān bi-l-tawbīkh li-man dhamma ahl al-tawārīkh [The Declaration with Admonition for Those Who Criticize Historians]. Edited by Sālim ibn Ghitr al-Ẓafīrī. Riyadh: Dār al-Ṣumayʿī, 1st ed., 1438 AH/2017 CE, p. 39.

ʿĪsā, Māzin ibn Muḥammad. al-Iṣāba fī al-dhabb ʿan al-ṣaḥāba - raḍiya Allāh ʿanhum [The Correctness in Defending the Companions - May Allah Be Pleased with Them]. [Publisher unknown], [Place unknown], n.d., vol. 1, p. 27.

Abū Dāwūd, Sulaymān ibn al-Ashʿath ibn Isḥāq (d. 275 AH). Sunan Abī Dāwūd [The Traditions of Abu Dawud]. Edited by Muḥammad Muḥyī al-Dīn. Beirut: al-Maktaba al-ʿAṣriyya, n.d., vol. 3, p. 321.

al-Dhahabī, Shams al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān (d. 748 AH). Tadhkirat al-ḥuffāẓ [Memorial of the Hadith Masters]. Annotated by Zakariyyā ʿUmayrāt. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1st ed., 1419 AH, vol. 1, p. 9. Jarrād, ʿAbd al-Karīm ibn Muḥammad. al-Saysar ʿinda al-muḥaddithīn wa-atharuhu fī maʿrifat anwāʿ ʿulūm al-ḥadīth fī al-matn wa-l isnād wa-fī al-ḥukm ʿalā al-ruwāt wa-ʿalā al-marwiyyāt [The Ease Among Hadith Scholars and Its Impact on Knowing the Types of Hadith Sciences Regarding Text, Chains of Transmission, and Judgments on Narrators and Narrations]. Damascus: Maktabat Dār al-Bayān, 2nd ed., 1439 AH, p. 112.

al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Ḥurr. Tafṣīl wasāʾil al-Shīʿa ilā taḥṣīl masāʾil al-sharīʿa [The Detailed Means of the Shi'a to Attain the Problems of the Sharia]. Edited by Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth. Qom: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, 2nd ed., 1414 AH, vol. 27, p. 149.

Al-Qasim: Abu Anas Adnan Farhan, the development of the movement of ijtihad among the Imamite Shiites, Dar al-Salam, Beirut, T3, 1433 AH, pp. 366-368.

Al-Qaini: Ali al-Fadel al-Najafi: The Science of Fundamentals, History and Development, Media Publishing Office, Qom, T2, 1376 AH, p. 52.

Al-Salus: Ali Ahmad, The Impact of the Imamah on Jaafari jurisprudence, Dar al-Kultura, Qatar, d.i., 1405 A.H., p. 139.

Al-Qasim, previous reference, pp. 364-365. Al-Gharawi: Muhammad Abdul Muhsin, Sources of deduction between the fundamentalists and the Akhbarites, Islamic Information Bureau, D.M., 1st edition, 1413 AH, p. 56.

Alyan: Rushdi Muhammad Arsan, Dalil al-'Aql al-'Aql in the Shia Imamiyya, Al-Hadhara Center for the Development of Islamic Thought, Beirut, T1, 2008, p. 81. Al-Gharawi, op. cit. p. 51.

Muhammad Amin bin Muhammad Sharif al-Istrabadi is a jurist, fundamentalist, modernizer, and newsman who died in Mecca. Among his works: Footnote on Sharh al-Madarak, Sharh al-Tahdhib, Sharh al-Istabsar, Civil Benefits in the denunciation of Shiite mujtahids, and a treatise on the purity of wine. Like him: Omar Rida, Ma'jam al-Mu'jam al-Mu'alemin, Dar Ihya al-Therath al-Arabi, Beirut, D.T., C9, p. 79.

Sadr: Muhammad Baqir, The New Milestones of the Origins of the End of Thought, Realization: Research and Studies Center, D.M., D.T., 1429 A.H., p. 102.

Al-Amili: Muhammad Hassan al-Hurr, al-Fadhida al-Tusiya, annotated by: Tahaj Sayyid al-Mahdi and others, Mahallati Library, Qom, 1432 AH, 3rd edition, p. 446.

Ibn al-Nadim: Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Muhammad (d. 438 AH), Al-Fahrist, ed: Ibrahim Ramadan, Dar al-Maarifa, Beirut, D.T., 2013, p. 137.

Lot ibn Haya ibn Mukhannaf ibn Sulayman al-Azadi or Mukhannaf with a mim, Lot died in the year fifty-seven hundred and fifty years, and he was a narrator of news and a companion of Tasnifat, according to Abu Hatim. Safadi: Salah al-Din Khalil ibn Aybek ibn Abdullah (d. 764 AH), Al-Wafi al-Wafi al-Wafiyyat, ed: Ahmad al-Arnaout and Turki Mustafa, Dar Ihya al-Therath, Beirut, D.T., 1420 AH, c. 24, pp. 305-306. Al-Ruwaydan: Saad Salem, Al-Yaqoubi and his methodology in Islamic history, Dar Al-Manzoumah, Amman, 2008, p. 39.

Ibn Kathir: Imad al-Din, Abu al-Fida, Ismail ibn Umar al-Dimashqi (774 AH), The Beginning and the End, edited by Dr. Abdullah ibn Abdul Muhsin al-Muhsin: Dr. Abdullah bin Abdul Muhsin, Dar Al-Hajar for Printing, Publishing, Distribution and Advertising, D.C., 1st edition, 1420 A.H., C14, p. 296

al-Dinouri: Abu Hanifa Ahmad Dawud (282 AH), Al-Akhbar al-Tawil, edited by: Abdul Moneim Amer and others, Muthanna Library, Baghdad, D.T., pp. 74-113-215-370

Al-Douri: Abdul Aziz, Research on the Emergence of the Science of History among Arabs, Zayed Center for Heritage and History, D.M., D.I., 1420 A.H., p. 40

Al-Ruwaidan, Al-Yaqoubi and his methodology, p. 40

Al-Ya'qubi, Ahmad ibn Abi Ya'qub ibn Ja'far (d. 292 AH), History of Al-Ya'qubi, Commentary: Muhammad Sadiq Bahr, Haidariya Library, D.M., D.I., 1380 A.H., S2, p. 3

Abdul Rahim : Ahmad Qushti, The Conflict between the Newsmen and the Fundamentalists within the Twelver Shi'ism, Takween for Studies and Research, Al-Khobar, 3rd edition, 1436 AH, p. 14.Al-Qaini, The Science of Fundamentals, p. 148

Mutahhari: Mortada, Islam and the Requirements of the Age, Dar al-Irshad, Beirut, T1, 1433 AH, p. 90

Allal: Khalid Kabir, Historical narratives among Muslims, methods of criticism and the phenomenon of fabrication in them, Al-Alal and Al-Sahab Library, Kuwait, 1st edition, 1431 AH, p. 99

Al-Baladhari: Ahmad ibn Yahya, Ansab al-Ashraf, ed: Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah, Dar al-Maarif, Egypt, D.I., 1959, p. 586. Ibn Abd Rabbo: Abu Umar Shihab al-Din Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Andalusi (d. 328 AH), al-Aqd al-Farid, Dar al-Kutub al-Alamiya, Beirut, T1, 1404 AH, c5, p13. Al-Majlesi: Muhammad Baqir, Bahar al-Anwar al-Anwar al-Jama'at al-Darar al-Akhbar al-Imamah al-Ahrar, Dar al-Therath al-Arabi, Beirut, D.T., c. 28, p. 283

Al-Kashif: Muhammad al-Hussein al-Ghatta, Jannat al-Mawa'i, Dar al-Adwaa, Beirut, D.T., D.T., p. 134. Al-Musli: Abdullah, The Truth of Shi'ism, Dar al-Iman for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, Alexandria, 2nd edition, D.T., p. 134. See Shiite literature, Al-Alawiya Anwar al-Alawiya by Sheikh Jafar al-Naqdi, The Tree of Toba by Sheikh Muhammad al-Ha'iri, The Tragedy of Zahra (peace be upon her), Similarities and Responses by Sheikh Jafar Murtada and others

Abdul Hamid ibn Heba Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi al-Hadid, Izz al-Din al-Mada'ini al-Mu'tazili, jurist and poet, brother of Muwaffaq al-Din, was born in eighty-six hundred and fifty-five and died in fifty-five and six hundred, and he is counted among the most prominent poets. Ketbi: Muhammad ibn Shakir ibn Shakir alias Salah al-Din (d. 764 AH), Fawwat al-Wafiyat, ed: Ihsan Abbas, Dar Sadr, Beirut, T1, 1973, c2, p259

Al-Madhesh: Ibrahim bin Abdullah bin Abdulrahman, Fatima, daughter of the Prophet (peace be upon him), her biography, her virtues, her masnad - may Allah be pleased with her - Dar al-Al wa Sahab al-Waqfiyya, Riyadh, T1, 1440 AH, C5, p. 82.

Muhammad Husayn ibn Ali ibn al-Ridha ibn Musa ibn Ja'far Kashif al-Ghatta: Imamic mujtahid, literary scholar, one of the leaders of the national revolutions in Iraq. A native of Najaf. He was one of the writers and poets who called for reconciliation between Muslims. He wrote many books, went to Iran as a hospital, died there, and was transferred to Najaf. Al-Zarkali: Khair al-Din bin Mahmoud al-Damascene (d. 1396 AH), Al-Alam, Dar al-Alam al-Malayin, D.M., 15th edition, 2002 AD, J6, pp. 106-107

Taqiyya is the practice of concealing the truth, hiding one's belief in it, keeping silent, and refraining from demonstrating in a way that would cause harm in religion and the world. Al-Mufid: Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Nu'man, Correcting the belief in the correctness of the criticism, Dar al-Kitab al-Islami, Beirut, D.T., 1983, p. 115. Al-Omari, Muhammad Nabil Taher, The concept of taqiyya among the Twelver Imamite Shiites and Ahl al-Sunnah, a comparative doctrinal study, Al-Bayt University, Al-Manzoumah, 2015, vol. 11, vol. 1, p. 421

Hammad ibn Salamah, nicknamed Abu Salamah, was a mullah of Bani Tamim, and he was trustworthy and had a lot of hadith, and it was said that he may have spoken a deniable hadith. Ibn Sa'd, previous source, c9, p282

Al-Asqalani: Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Hajar (852 AH), Sanan al-Mizan, edited by: Abdul Fattah Abu Ghadda and others, Islamic Publications Office, Aleppo, 1st edition, 1423 AH, J1, p. 204

Baqir: Badr Muhammad, al-Rawd al-Nadir in the biography of Imam Abu Ja'far al-Baqir, his interpretation, jurisprudence and narrations, Mubarrah al-Alal wa al-Ahl al-Ahlab, Kuwait, 1st edition, 1428 AH, p. 188

Jahm al-Aslami, said al-Salami, and the correct version is Jahmah, his number is in the people of Madinah. Ibn al-Athir: Izz al-Din Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Jazari (d. 630 AH), Asad al-Ghubba in the knowledge of the Companions, edited by: Ali Muawad and others, Dar al-Kutub al-Alamiya, Beirut, T2, 1424 AH, M1, p. 576

A sect of Shiites whose news and situations are difficult to detail. One of their beliefs is that they curse, curse and disbelieve the companions, especially Abu Bakr and Umar, and believe in the infallibility of their twelve imams, and are sometimes called the Twelver sect, and they still exist to this day. Al-Rahili: Ibrahim bin Amer, The Victory of the Companions from the fabrications of the misguided al-Samawi, Dar al-Imam Ahmad, D.M., D.I., D.T., p. 19

One of their beliefs is that they insult, curse and disbelieve the Companions, especially Abu Bakr and Umar, and believe in the infallibility of their twelve Imams, and are sometimes called the Twelver sect, and they still exist to this day. Al-Rahili: Ibrahim bin Amer, The Victory of the Companions from the fabrications of the misguided al-Samawi, Dar al-Imam Ahmad, D.M., D.I., D.T., p. 19

Ibn Taymiyyah: Taqi al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Hanbali al-Dimashqi (d. 728 AH), Minhaj al-Sunnah al-Nabawiya fi Nihl al-Kadiriya, ed: Muhammad Rashad Salem, Imam Muhammad Bin Saud Islamic University, 1st edition, 1406 AH, J1, p. 60

Ibn Hisham: Abd al-Malik ibn Hisham al-Himyari (d. 218 AH), The Biography of the Prophet, edited by Mustafa al-Saqa and others, Dar Ihya' al-Turath, no date printed, Beirut, 1417 AH - 1997 AD, vol. 4, p. 314.

His name is Amir ibn Abdullah ibn al-Jarrah ibn Hilal ibn Uhayb ibn Dabbah ibn al-Harith ibn Fihr. He had two sons: Yazid and Umair. He migrated to Abyssinia during the second migration and witnessed all the battles with the Messenger of God. Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat, vol. 3, p. 379.

Ibn al-Jamuh ibn Zayd ibn Haram ibn Ka'b, nicknamed Abu Amr, was one of the leaders. He was killed at the Battle of Bir Ma'una. Al-Hubab ibn al-Mundhir died during the caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab. Ibn Sa'd, the previous source, vol. 3, pp. 525-526

Ibn Dulaym ibn Haritha ibn Abi Hazima ibn Tha'labah ibn Tarif ibn al-Khazraj ibn Sa'idah, whose kunya was Abu Thabit, used to write in Arabic during the pre-Islamic period, although writing was rare among the Arabs. He was skilled at swimming and archery, which is why he was called "the perfect one." He witnessed all the battles with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He died in Hawran. Ibn Sa'd, the previous source, vol. 3, pp. 566-567-569

Al-Tabari: Abu Ja'far, Muhammad ibn Jarir (310 AH), History of the Prophets and Kings, edited by Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim, Dar al-Ma'arif, Egypt, 2nd ed., 1387 AH, vol. 3, pp. 222-223

Al-Tabari, the previous source, vol. 3, p. 220

See the authentic chain of transmission for this narration in the Musnad of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal. It is stronger than the narration of the liar Abu Mikhnaf, which historians, like al-Tabari, have discussed without tracing its chain of transmission. Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (d. 241 AH), Musnad of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, edited by Shu'ayb al-Arna'ut and others, Al-Risalah Foundation, n.d., n.d., vol. 1, p. 199. Al-Tabari, History of the Prophets and Kings, vol. 3, p. 222

Ibn Wa'il ibn Hashim ibn Sa'id ibn Sahm, nicknamed Abu Abdullah. Amr ibn al-'As had a son, Abdullah. He died in 43 AH (some say 51 AH or 42 AH) in Egypt while he was its governor. Ibn Sa'd, Al-Tabaqat, vol. 5, pp. 47-82

Qurrah ibn Hubayrah ibn Amir ibn Rabi'ah ibn Amir ibn Sa'sa'ah al-Qushayri. He was a delegate to the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) and was one of the most prominent delegations. Ibn al-Athir, Usd al-Ghabah, Vol. 4, p. 383

The name of an Arabian region on the coast of the Yemen and Indian Oceans, encompassing many countries with palm trees and crops. However, its heat is proverbial, and most of its inhabitants in our time are Ibadi Kharijites. It was named after Oman ibn Saba' ibn Yafthan because he was the one who built it. Al-Hamawi: Shihab al-Din Abu Abdullah Yaqut ibn Abdullah al-Rumi (d. 626 AH), Mu'jam al-Buldan, Dar Sadir, Beirut, 2nd ed., 1995 AD, Vol. 4, p. 150.

Al-Tabari, op. cit., Vol. 3, p. 260. Al-Baladhuri: Ahmad ibn Yahya ibn Jabir ibn Dawud (d. 279 AH), Futuh al-Buldan, Dar and Maktaba al-Hilal, Beirut, n.d., 1988 AD, p. 10. Al-Busti: Muhammad ibn Hibban ibn Ahmad al-Busti (d. 354 AH), The Book of Trustworthy People, edited by Dr. Muhammad Abd al-Mu'id Khan, The Ottoman Encyclopedia, Hyderabad, India, 1st ed., 1393 AH, vol. 2, pp. 168-169.

Ibn al-A'tham: Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Kufi, The Book of Conquests, edited by Ali Shiri, Dar al-Adwa', Beirut, 1st ed., 1411 AH, vol. 1, p. 17.

Salman al-Farsi, known as Abu Abdullah, converted to Islam and settled in Kufa. Slavery kept him from participating in the Battles of Badr and Uhud. He died during the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him). Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat, vol. 4, pp. 69-73-87. Ibn Hisham, al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, vol. 3, p. 247.

Surat al-Ahzab, verses 10-11

Al-Ahzab: those who formed parties against the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Al-Shafi'i: Abu al-Muzaffar, Mansur ibn Muhammad al-Sam'ani al-Shafi'i (d. 489 AH), Tafsir al-Quran, edited by: Yasser ibn Ibrahim and Ghanim ibn Abbas, Dar al-Watan, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 1st ed., 1418 AH, vol. 3, p. 98

Ibn al-Nu'man ibn Imru' al-Qais ibn Zayd ibn Abd al-Ashhal, known as Abu Amr. He converted to Islam at the hands of Mus'ab ibn Umair. He was killed on the Day of the Trench in the year 5 AH. The Messenger of God said about him upon his death, "The Throne of the Most Merciful shook for him." He was buried in al-Baqi'. Ibn Sa'd, The Previous Source, Vol. 3, pp. 388-400

Ibn Hisham, The Previous Source, Vol. 3, p. 263

Ibn Zanjawayh: Hamid (d. 251 AH), The Book of Funds, King Faisal Center for Research and Policy Studies, Riyadh, 1st ed., 1406 AH, Vol. 1, p. 299

Ibn Hanbal: Ahmad ibn Hanbal (241 AH), Musnad of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, edited by Shu'ayb al-Arna'ut and others, Al-Risalah Foundation, n.d., 1st ed., 1421 AH, Vol. 23, p. 90

Ibn Kathir: Imad al-Din, Abu al-Fida, Ismail ibn 'Umar al-Qurashi al-Dimashqi (d. 774 AH), The Beginning and the End, edited by Dr. Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muhsin al-Turki

Bashmil: Muhammad ibn Ahmad, From the Decisive Battles of Islam, Al-Salafiyah Library, Cairo, 3rd ed., 1408 AH, Vol. 4, p. 224

Ibn Asakir: Abu al-Qasim Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Hibat Allah ibn Abdullah al-Shafi'i (d. 571 AH), History of the City of Damascus, Mentioning its Merits and Naming the Noble Figures Who Passed Through Its Neighborhoods, Visitors and Residents, Study and Investigation by: Muhibb al-Din Abu Sa'id Umar ibn Gharamah al-Amrawi, Dar al-Fikr for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, n.d., n.d. 1415 AH, Vol. 14, p. 140. Ibn Hanbal, previous source, Vol. 44, p. 217.

Surat al-Ahzab, Verse 33.

Al-Tayyar: Musa'id ibn Sulayman, Explanation of the Introduction to the Principles of Interpretation by Ibn Taymiyyah, Dar Ibn al-Jawzi, n.d., 2nd ed., 1428 AH, p. 189.

Surat al-Ahzab, Verses 32-33.

Ibn 'Adi al-Adbar - but he was stabbed by a mullah, so he was called al-Adbar - the son of Jabla bin 'Adi bin 'Adi bin Rabia bin Rabia bin Muawiyah al-Akramin, a Jahili Muslim, who came to the Prophet, and witnessed Qadisiyah, Jamal, and Safin with 'Ali bin Abi Talib. His sons Ubaydullah and Abd al-Rahman were killed by Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr in patience, and they were Shi'ah, it is said that he was an honorable person from the Shi'ah of Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) and one of his commanders in the battle of Siffin Ibn Sa'd, Al-Tabqaqat, G6, p. 239.Al-Dhahabi: Shams al-Din, Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Uthman (d. 748 AH), Sir al-Alam al-Nubala', edited by: Hussein Asad and others, Al-Risala Foundation, D.M., 3rd edition, 1405 A.H., J3, p. 463

al-Dinouri: Abu Hanifa Ahmad ibn Dauda al-Dinouri (d. 282 AH), Al-Akhbar al-Tawil, edited by: Abdul Moneim Amer and others, Muthanna Library, Baghdad, d.i., d.t., p. 220

He is Zayd ibn Ubayd al-Thaqafi, and he is Ziyad ibn Sumayya, his mother, and he is Ziyad ibn Abu Sufyan, whom Muawiya claimed to be his brother. Sumayya was a slave of al-Harith ibn Kalada al-Thaqafi, the physician of the Arabs. He was called Abu al-Mughira. He was born in the year of the Hijrah, and he became a Muslim during the time of al-Siddiq, then he was a scribe for Abu Musa al-Ash'ari during his command over Basra. Al-Dhahabi, Al-Alam, c3, p494

Al-Baladhari: Ahmad ibn Yahya ibn Jabir ibn Dawud al-Baladhari (d. 279 AH), Jamal al-Ashraf genealogy, edited and introduced by: Suhail Zakkar and others, Dar al-Fikr, Beirut, T1, 1417 AH, C5, p. 279

Al-Dinouri, Ansab al-Ashraf, C5, p. 274.Al-Dinouri, Ibid, p. 224.

See all the narrations of Abu Makhnef Lot ibn Yahya on the killing of the noble Companion al-Hajar ibn Adi by al-Tabari in the Book of History of Kings and Messengers, the Book of Tabaqaat by Ibn Sa'd, the Book of History of Khalifa ibn Khayyat, the Book of Genealogy by al-Baladhari... and others. Al-Baridi: Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah, The Umayyad Caliphate from the book Al-Akhbar Al-Tawwal attributed to Al-Dinouri - a critical study - Dar Al-Jama'ah, Saudi Arabia, Volume 1, 1443 AH, pp. 93-100

Al-Dinouri, Al-Akhbar al-Tawwal, p. 224

Ibn Asaker: History of the City of Damascus, C12, 229-230

That is, I rode a mule and then a camel, and if you like, I rode an elephant, i.e.: to fight and stir up strife. Al-Mahjoub: Yasin al-Khalifa al-Tayyib, Jala'a al-Haqiqah in the biography of Aisha al-Siddiqah, Al-Durr al-Sunniyyah Foundation, Dhahran, 1st edition, 1432 AH, p. 142

Abu Sa'ada: Muhammad Jabr, Ibn Atham al-Kufi and his historical methodology, University of Michigan, D.M., D.I., 1408 AH, pp. 56-61

Muhammad ibn Salam al-Jamhi (d. 232 AH) said: “He was one of those who corrupted the poetry, hybridized it, and carried all the garbage from it, Muhammad ibn Ishaq. Layers of Poets, edited by Ahmad Mahmoud Shakir, Dar al-Maarif, Egypt, 1963, pp. 7-8

Ibn Hisham, The Prophetic Biography, c. 1, p. 36

Rustam: Asad, Terminology of History, Al-Maktaba Al-Asiriya, Beirut, T1, 1423 AH, p. 76

Ibn al-Jawzi: Shams al-Din Abu al-Muzaffar Yusuf (654 AH), Mirat al-Zaman fi Tariqat al-Ayyan, ed: Muhammad Barakat and others, Dar al-Risalah al-Ulamiya, Damascus.

Al-Alusi: Mahmoud Shukri, Mukhtasir al-Tahfat al-Athiniyya, originally written in Persian by Shah Abdul Aziz Ghulam Ghulam Hakim al-Dahlawi, translated from Persian into Arabic by Shaykh al-Hafiz Ghulam Muhammad bin Muhyiddin bin Umar al-Aslami, edited and annotated by Muhyiddin al-Khatib: Muhib al-Din al-Khatib, Salafiya Press, Cairo, D.I., 1373 AH, c.1, p.35

Ibn Kathir: Abu al-Fida Isma'il ibn Kathir al-Damascene (d. 774 AH), al-Bidayah wa al-Nahiyah (The Beginning and the End): Ali Sherry, Dar Al-Herath Al-Arabi, Beirut, T1, 1408 AH, c12, p124.

Al-Dhahabi, Sir 'Alam al-Nubala', c17, p589

Ibn Khalikan: Abu al-Abbas Shams al-Din Ahmad (d. 681 AH), Fayyat al-Ayyan and Anba'a al-Zaman, ed: Ihsan Abbas, Dar al-Sadr, Beirut, D.T., 1900, c3, p313

Ibn Qutaiba: Abu Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Muslim al-Dinouri (d. 276 AH), Al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah, known as the History of the Caliphs, ed: Ali Shiri, Dar al-Adwaa, Beirut, T1, 1410 AH, C1, p. 28

Ibn Qutaiba: Abu Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Muslim al-Dinouri (d. 276 AH), The Difference in Verbalization and the Response to the Jahmiyyah and the Mushahibah, Dar al-Rayya, Riyadh, T1, 1412 AH, p. 54

See: The Doctrine of Imam Ibn Qutaiba, Dr. Ali Nafi'a Al-Aliani, the book (Books Warned by the Scholars) by Mashhur Hassan Salman, the book by Mahbuddin Al-Khatib (Introduction to Ibn Qutaiba's book - Al-Misr and Al-Qadah-), and Tharwat Okasha ), Tharwat Okasha in (Introduction to Ibn Qutaiba's book Ma'arif), Sayyid Ahmed Saqr in (Introduction to Ibn Qutaiba's book Tawheel Maqsil al-Quran), Abdul Hamid Owais (Benu Umayyah between external blows and internal collapse), Sayyid Ismail al-Kashif (Sources of Islamic History), Abdul Hamid al-Jundi (Ibn Qutaiba the scholar, critic and adept), Farouq Hamada (Sources of the biography of the Prophet), Abdullah Assilan, (A thesis entitled Imamate and Politics in the balance of scientific investigation). etc.

Dinur is a city of the mountain, between it and Hammadan twenty-nine leagues, to which many people of literature and hadith are attributed. Al-Hamawi, Lexicon of Countries, c2, p545

Marrakesh is the greatest city in Morocco, and it is on the mainland, and was first settled by Yusuf ibn Tashfin in 470 AH. Al-Hamawi, Maajam al-Baladan, c5, p94

Ibn Qutaiba, Imamate and Politics, pp. 8-9

Ibn Qutaybah, Ibn Qutaybah, Ibn Qutaybah, Ibn Qutaybah, p. 170

Ibn Qutaybah, Ibn Qutaybah, Ibn Qutaybah, Ibn Qutaybah, p204-205

Ibn Qutaybah, Ibn Qutaybah, op. cit. p. 232

Al-Tayyar: Ahmad ibn Nasir, Taqrib Fatawa wa Risalat Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, Dar Ibn al-Jawzi for Publishing and Distribution, Saudi Arabia, 1st edition, 1441 AH, C5, p. 429

Al-Dhahabi: Shams al-Din Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Qaymaz al-Dhahabi (d. 748 AH), The Balance of Moderation in the Criticism of Men, edited by: Ali Muhammad al-Bajawi, Dar al-Maarifa for Printing and Publishing, Beirut, T1, 1382 AH, J1, p. 112

Al-Dhahabi, Sir al-Alam, c7, p301

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