This article analyzes the theoretical and practical foundations of the formation and development of linguistic competencies in the process of language learning. The author identifies the main components of linguistic competence (phonetic, lexical, grammatical knowledge) and recommends effective methods for their development. At the same time, the significance of the communicative approach and interactive methods in modern education is highlighted. This article analyzes the theoretical foundations and practical approaches to the formation and development of linguistic competencies in the process of language teaching. Linguistic competence is the student's possession of phonetic, lexical, and grammatical knowledge and the ability to apply them correctly. The article highlights the role of the communicative approach in modern education, the importance of interactive methods and digital technologies in this area. Existing problems in the development of linguistic competence and recommendations for their solution will also be given.