THE GLOBAL THREAT OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND SOLUTIONS

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global threat that undermines advancements in modern medicine, public health, and sustainable development. This article explores the primary causes of AMR, including the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in healthcare and agriculture, inadequate infection control measures, and the lack of new antimicrobial drug development. It highlights the severe consequences of AMR, such as increased mortality rates, economic burdens, and risks to global health security, potentially leading to a post-antibiotic era. To address these challenges, the article proposes solutions, including strengthening policy frameworks, promoting responsible antibiotic use, investing in research and innovation, improving surveillance systems, and enhancing infection prevention. Through case studies, the article examines successful interventions from Denmark, Sweden, and the Netherlands, offering actionable insights for global implementation. The findings emphasize the urgent need for coordinated efforts by governments, international organizations, healthcare providers, and the public to combat AMR effectively and preserve antimicrobial efficacy for future generations.

Keywords

Antimicrobial resistance (amr), antibiotic misuse, public health threat