This study examines variations in lexical density and lexical complexity between written and spoken discourse through a corpus-based methodology. Lexical density, defined as the ratio of content words to the total word count, and lexical complexity, characterized by lexical diversity and sophistication, serve as essential indicators of linguistic structure and communicative purpose. Utilizing representative written and spoken English corpora, the study investigates the impact of modality on lexical selection, structural arrangement, and informational density. Quantitative analysis indicates that written discourse exhibits markedly higher lexical density and increased lexical complexity compared to spoken discourse, which typically prioritizes grammatical simplicity and interactional efficiency. These results validate functional and cognitive theories of language variation and possess significant ramifications for corpus linguistics, discourse analysis, and language pedagogy.

Lexical density, lexical complexity, written discourse

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