The article covers the historical analysis of the reforms in public education during the rule of Tsarist Russia of the Turkestan region. The definition of modernization education policy of Tsarist Russia is classified as a factor of ethnic deformation. Also, the mechanisms and consequences of the replacement of the traditional education system of Turkestan with the colonial education system, the impact of this process on the literacy level of the multi-ethnic local population and the resettled Russian population are studied.

Education, Turkestan country, colonialism

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