Turkisms have significantly influenced the Russian lexicon, traditionally being studied from the perspective of chronology and the semantics of lexical borrowings. This article proposes a novel approach to assessing the integration of Turkisms that moves beyond mere frequency (active/passive vocabulary). We introduce the concept of “Metaphorical Density” (MD)—a metric that defines a Turkism's ability to generate new, figurative meanings and become the basis for stable phraseological units (PUs), metaphors, and idioms.

Turkisms, lexical borrowings, metaphorical density

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