This study explores phraseological units containing color components through the lens of linguistics, psychology, cognitive science, and cultural studies. The research draws on comparative analysis of color terms and their symbolic functions across English, Russian, and Karakalpak languages. A historical and theoretical overview of color semantics is provided, incorporating insights from evolutionary linguistics, psycholinguistics, and linguistic relativity. Seminal works by Sapir, Whorf, Berlin, Kay, Goethe, Wierzbicka, and Frumkina are reviewed to examine the physiological, semantic, and cultural aspects of color perception. The hypothesis is that extralinguistic factors cause differences in how various cultures conceptualize and linguistically encode color. Structural and semantic changes in phraseological units are explored in connection with their cultural significance. Findings highlight the universality of basic color perception and the deep cultural divergence in meaning, with a focus on phraseological expression, symbolic richness, and cognitive structuring of color semantics. The research contributes to the understanding of color as a complex semiotic and cultural phenomenon embedded in language.

Color semantics, phraseological units, cultural symbolism

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