This study examines translation competence beyond linguistic proficiency, investigating its cultural, cognitive, technological, and ethical dimensions in global communication. Using mixed-methods research, the article addresses how theoretical frameworks evolve with technological advances, explores domain knowledge's influence on translation quality, and analyzes AI tools' implications for human translation competence. Findings demonstrate that effective translators integrate subject expertise with cultural sensitivity and technological literacy in specialized contexts. The research contributes to translation studies by reconceptualizing translation competence as adaptive expertise where human translators function as critical mediators who employ technological resources while providing essential cultural judgment in our interconnected world.

Translation competence, cross-cultural communication, specialized domain knowledge

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