This article explores the distinctive treatment of space and time in the novels of Franz Kafka and Vohid Hamdam, focusing on their innovative narrative techniques and thematic depth. Both authors employ space and time not merely as backdrops but as dynamic, symbolic elements that shape their characters' experiences and reflect broader existential and cultural themes. Kafka’s fragmented and oppressive spaces mirror the alienation and absurdity of modern existence, while Hamdam’s culturally rich and layered settings highlight the interplay of tradition, memory, and individual identity. By examining these dimensions, the study uncovers how artistic space and time in their works transcend physical and chronological boundaries, offering profound insights into human existence.

Franz Kafka, Vohid Hamdam, artistic space

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