The abdominal muscles play a key role in trunk stabilization, posture, and movement. Their morphofunctional characteristics are flexible and depend on the type of physical activity. In the 21st century, the consequences of physical inactivity due to digitalization are becoming more pressing, requiring a rethinking of classical anatomical concepts. Objective: To study the morphofunctional characteristics of the abdominal muscles in individuals with different types of physical activity, taking into account historical changes in human physical development over the past 100 years. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature covering the past 5-6 years was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and CyberLeninka. Studies using ultrasound, MRI, and electromyography (EMG) to assess muscle thickness, cross-sectional area, and activity in athletes (strength athletes, martial artists, and gymnasts) and individuals with a sedentary lifestyle were considered. Results: Significant differences were identified: strength athletes are characterized by hypertrophy of the rectus abdominis and oblique abdominal muscles, while gymnasts have predominantly developed transverse abdominis (TrA) and internal oblique muscles responsible for stabilization. Individuals with physical inactivity exhibit decreased TrA thickness, functional weakness of the deep stabilizers, and compensatory overstrain of the rectus abdominis. It was established that over the past 100 years, the average person has experienced a decrease in muscle mass, changes in posture (sloping neck, anterior pelvic tilt), and weakening of the abdominal corset. Conclusion: Digitalization and a sedentary lifestyle led to an "anatomical restructuring" toward weakening of the deep stabilizing abdominal muscles, which is a risk factor for back pain. Modern approaches to physical training should be aimed at correcting these changes, with an emphasis on functional stability, not just aesthetics.

Abdominal muscles, morphofunctional features, physical inactivity

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