Greenhouse microclimate plays a crucial role in the growth and productivity of plants, and accurate modelling of this environment is essential for optimizing greenhouse operations. Additionally, understanding and accurately estimating evapotranspiration rates within greenhouses are critical for effective water management strategies. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in modelling techniques for greenhouse microclimate and evapotranspiration. Various modelling approaches, including computational fluid dynamics (CFD), machine learning algorithms, and empirical models, are discussed. The advantages and limitations of each technique are highlighted, along with their applications in greenhouse research and practical implementation. Furthermore, emerging trends in modelling, such as the integration of remote sensing data and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, are explored. The paper concludes with a discussion on the future directions and potential challenges in modelling greenhouse microclimate and evapotranspiration.

Greenhouse microclimate, evapotranspiration, modelling techniques

Zhang M Q, Zhang W, Chen X Y, Wang F, Wang H, Zhang J S, et al. Modeling and simulation of temperature control system in plant factory using energy balance. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(3): 55–61.

Yan H, Acquah S J, Zhang C, Huang S, Zhang H, Zhao B, et al. Energy bpartitioning of greenhouse cucumber based on the application of Penman-Monteith and Bulk Transfer models. Agricultural Water Management, 2019; 217: 201–211.

Papadopoulos A P. Growing greenhouse tomatoes in soil and soilless media. Agriculture Canada Publication, 1991; 79p.

Soria T, Cuartero J. Tomato fruit yield and water consumption with salty water irrigation. ISHS Acta Horticulture, 1998; 458: 215–220.

Abou-Hadid A F, El-Shinawy M Z, El-Oksh I, Gomaa H, El-Beltagy A S. Studies on water consumption of sweet pepper plant under plastic houses. ISHS Acta Horticulturae, 1994; 366: 365–372.

Tuzel Y, Ui M A, Tuzel I H. Effects of different irrigation intervals and rates on Spring season glasshouse tomato production: II, Fruit quality. ISHS Acta Horticulturae, 1994; 366: 389–396.

Harmanto, Salokhe V M, Babel M S, Tantau H J. Water requirement of drip irrigated tomatoes grown in greenhouse in tropical environment. Agricultural Water Management, 2005; 71(3): 225–242.

Stanghellini C. Transpiration of greenhouse crops: An aid to climate management. PhD dissertation. Wageningen, the Netherlands: Agricultural University of Wageningen, 1987; 150p.

Medrano E, Lorenzo P, Sanchez-Guerrero M C, Montero J I. Evaluation and modelling of greenhouse cucumber-crop transpiration under high and low radiation conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 2005; 105(2): 163–175.

Jolliet O, Bailey B J. The effect of climate on tomato transpiration in greenhouse: measurements and models comparison. Agricultural and Forestry Meteorology, 1992; 58(1-2): 43–62