The modernization of higher pedagogical education necessitates the development of general cultural competencies as an essential component of professional training. This study examines the theoretical foundations, structural elements, and pedagogical conditions that contribute to the formation of general cultural competencies among students in pedagogical universities. A mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches, including surveys, interviews, classroom observation, and curriculum analysis. The findings reveal that the effective development of cultural competencies depends on the integration of interdisciplinary content, student-centered learning, and interactive teaching methods. Furthermore, reflective practices and a multicultural educational environment significantly enhance students’ communicative, ethical, and social capacities. The study concludes that the systematic incorporation of general cultural competencies into teacher education programs improves students’ professional readiness and supports the formation of competent, adaptable, and socially responsible educators.