This article scientifically analyzes the theoretical and methodological foundations of the anthropocentric approach in developing humanistic qualities among primary school students within the general educational environment. The study reveals the pedagogical potential of the anthropocentric paradigm, which interprets the individual as the central subject of the educational system. Furthermore, the scientific views of foreign and national scholars are comparatively examined, and the significance of learner-centered education, empathic communication, social cooperation, and moral education mechanisms in the formation of humanistic qualities is substantiated. Based on qualitative field observations and teacher interviews, the article highlights the practical pedagogical conditions for fostering students’ spiritual and moral maturity, social responsibility, and commitment to universal human values within contemporary primary education.