This article analyzes the macroeconomic relationship between green values and economic growth within three theoretical frameworks: the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), the decoupling concept, and endogenous growth models with directed technical change. The study draws on the Global Carbon Budget 2024, IEA Global Energy Review 2025, IRENA, and the World Bank State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2025. In 2024, energy-related CO₂ emissions reached 37.8 billion tonnes, cumulative green bond issuance totaled $3.4 trillion, and energy transition investments amounted to $2.4 trillion. Over 32 countries have achieved absolute decoupling, yet Vogel and Hickel (2023) demonstrate that these rates are ten times below what is needed for Paris Agreement targets. The experiences of the European Union (EU ETS, CBAM), Sweden, and British Columbia are analyzed, and an integrated policy package for Uzbekistan is recommended—comprising Pigouvian taxation, cap-and-trade, green bonds, and just transition mechanisms.
Green Values and Economic Growth: Macroeconomic Dynamics, Decoupling, And Sustainable Development
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References
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