Some considerations regarding the relationship between the central terms of pedagogical terminology and its semantics are discussed in this article. Also, it is difficult to imagine pedagogy and its content as a field, a science without field terminology. We know that the study of the pedagogical terminology of the Uzbek language serves to solve not only the problems of the pedagogical field, but also the theoretical and practical problems of professional education in all fields.

Chastushka is a traditional form of Russian folk poetry that encapsulates humor, social commentary, and cultural reflection in a compact verse structure. This study delves into the historical origins and evolution of chastushka, examining its significance in Russian culture. We explore the linguistic features that define chastushka, including its rhyme schemes, rhythm, and use of colloquial language, which offer insights into regional dialects and the socio-linguistic landscape of Russia. The performance aspect of chastushka is also analyzed, highlighting its role in communal gatherings and celebrations, where spontaneity and audience interaction contribute to its enduring popularity. By investigating thematic elements such as love, daily life, and political satire, the research illustrates how chastushka serves as both entertainment and a medium for social reflection. This article underscores the importance of chastushka in understanding not only Russian folklore but also the dynamic relationship between language and culture. Through a comprehensive analysis, this study aims to contribute to the field of folklore linguistics and foster appreciation for this rich cultural tradition.

This study investigates the strategies and challenges associated with teaching the Russian language in Chinese universities. As global interconnectedness increases, the demand for multilingual proficiency has heightened, with Russian emerging as a significant language of interest in China due to geopolitical and economic factors. This research examines current pedagogical approaches, curriculum design, and instructional practices employed in Chinese higher education institutions. It explores the various strategies implemented to enhance Russian language acquisition, including the integration of technology, immersive learning experiences, and collaborative teaching methods. Additionally, the study identifies and analyzes the key challenges faced by educators, such as limited resources, varying levels of student motivation, and cultural barriers. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including surveys, interviews with educators, and classroom observations, the research provides a comprehensive overview of the effectiveness of current teaching practices and the obstacles that hinder successful language instruction. The findings offer valuable insights for improving Russian language education in China, suggesting actionable recommendations for curriculum development, teacher training, and resource allocation to better support language learners and enhance educational outcomes.

Information about the expression of the concept of "perseverance" in artistic style by various means is provided in this article. For example, words expressing determination (I swear, I believe, I'm sure, I must do), phrases (promise, pledge), sentences (I swear, I'm sure), various poetic figures (repetition, chiasm, gradation), explanations of pleonastic usages in the artistic style are explained with the help of examples.

This article is dedicated to various ways of interpreting, especially converse translation transformations: various aspects of converse language units are analyzed and their characteristics are explained. The interaction of converse transformations with other modifications will be studied—also the impact of complex transformations to express a discursive form of original text in the translation.

Awais Khan’s literary excellence “In the Company of Strangers” revolves around the female characters, in which he engages in the complicated themes of relationships, social expectations, self-fulfilment, women empowerment, and feminist creation. Through his writings, having portrayed different age groups and social classes with great sensitivity, he presents his groundbreaking work as a vital platform to give extended voice to the featured stories that would ordinarily not be heard in mainstream anglophone Pakistani literature. Through the novel under analysis, the writer reinforces the literary landscape of the country, adding the depth and complexity of stories that shine the light on the manifold diversities of women's experiences. By employing the idea of ‘gender’ proposed by Simon de Beauvoir and Judith Butler respectively, this paper aims to unmask the patterns of female self-drive and marks of domestic violence intricated in the structures of endocentric capitalism.

This study explores the variability in understanding norms among middle-grade students, focusing on how different levels of comprehension impact academic performance and learning outcomes. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, the research examines the cognitive and developmental factors influencing students' grasp of academic concepts. By analyzing assessment data, classroom observations, and interviews with educators, the study identifies key differences in understanding norms and their implications for instructional strategies. The findings highlight the need for differentiated teaching approaches that address diverse cognitive abilities and learning styles. This research aims to provide educators with insights and tools to better support middle-grade students in achieving a more nuanced and effective understanding of academic material.