This article examines the semantic similarities and differences of terms in the English and Uzbek languages from a comparative linguistic perspective. The study aims to identify how terminological units function, develop, and acquire meaning in two languages that belong to different language families and typological systems. Special attention is given to the processes of term formation, semantic shifts, borrowing, and adaptation in scientific and technological discourse. The research employs comparative, descriptive, and semantic analysis methods to reveal both universal and language-specific features of terminology.

The findings indicate that English and Uzbek share a number of semantic parallels in international scientific terminology due to globalization and active borrowing, particularly from Latin and Greek sources via English and Russian. However, significant differences are observed in word-formation models, semantic transparency, polysemy, and the degree of terminological standardization. Uzbek tends to preserve agglutinative morphological patterns and semantic motivation, whereas English terminology often demonstrates higher levels of lexicalization and structural compression. The article concludes that understanding these similarities and differences is essential for accurate translation, effective terminology management, and the development of Uzbek scientific language in the context of global integration.

Terminology, semantic analysis, English language

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