Articles
| Open Access |
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume06Issue01-44
The Basis For The Formation Of The Concept Of "Friend" As A Lexeme
Abstract
This article examines the foundations of the formation of the concept of “friend” as a lexeme using a comparative linguistic approach. The study analyzes the etymological origin, semantic development, and linguocultural characteristics of the lexeme “friend” based on data from Russian, European languages (English, French, German, and Greek), and Turkic languages (Turkish, Uzbek, Kazakh, and Karakalpak). The findings demonstrate that the concept of “friend” has developed as a universal human value across different language families while retaining national and cultural specificity. Particular attention is paid to the social and ethical content of this lexeme in the Karakalpak language and its functioning in oral and literary discourse.
Keywords
Friend concept, lexeme, etymology, semantics
References
https://www.oed.com/dictionary/friend_n?tl=true.
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https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drug%D1%8A.
https://www.etymonline.com/word/amicus.
https://logeion.uchicago.edu/%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82.
https://www.vajehyab.com/dehkhoda/دوست.
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Қaрaқaлпaқ тилиниң тұсиндирме сөзлиги. III том. –Нөкис: «Қарақалпақстан», 2023.
Пахратдинов Қ., Өтемисов А. Қарақалпақ тилиндеги шығысы парсыша сөзлер. – Нөкис: «Қарақалпақстан», 2017.
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