The Arabic noun category (ism, الاسم) represents one of the core structural elements of Arabic grammar and encompasses a wide range of lexical units, including nouns, adjectives, numerals, pronouns, participles, and infinitives. This broad semantic and grammatical scope differs significantly from the Uzbek grammatical tradition, in which nouns and related categories are classified into narrower and more strictly defined parts of speech. This paper provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the Arabic ism category and its Uzbek equivalents, demonstrating how each language conceptualizes nominality and how these conceptualizations influence syntactic behavior, morphological marking, and category formation. Special attention is given to the categories of number, possession, and gender in Uzbek nouns, as well as the historical influence of Arabic borrowings on gender marking in Uzbek. Additionally, the study analyses how semantic, morphological, and syntactic distinctions shape the functional use of nouns in both languages. The findings highlight that while Uzbek and Arabic share several fundamental grammatical concepts, their structural realizations differ significantly due to typological divergence-Arabic being a Semitic language with rich inflectional morphology, and Uzbek being a Turkic, agglutinative language. This contrast underscores the importance of comparative linguistic research for language acquisition, translation studies, and grammatical theory.

Arabic grammar, ism category, Uzbek grammar, noun, nominal morphology

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