This article analyzes the institution of extradition as a fundamental mechanism of international cooperation in criminal matters and examines its role and stages of development within international law. The study explores the concept and legal nature of extradition, emphasizing its dual character as both an expression of state sovereignty and a rule-based obligation arising from international agreements. By tracing the historical evolution of extradition from early ad hoc practices to modern treaty-based and rights-oriented frameworks, the article highlights how extradition has adapted to changes in the international legal order. Particular attention is given to the role of bilateral and multilateral treaties in shaping extradition obligations and harmonizing procedural standards among states. The article further evaluates the contemporary significance of extradition in addressing transnational crime while safeguarding fundamental human rights, drawing on international conventions, judicial practice, and state legislation. It concludes that extradition remains a central institution of international law, balancing the objectives of effective criminal justice and respect for legal and human rights principles.

Extradition, international criminal law, international cooperation, state sovereignty

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