This article analyzes the data of Chinese written sources, archaeological and numismatic materials concerning the conditions of the emergence of the Kushan state. Which occupied an important place in the development of ancient Eastern civilization, and issues related to the migration of nomadic pastoral tribes of Yuezhi, which played a central role in its formation, their settlement of the northern Bactrian lands and the formation of the Kushan state.

The article analyzes the issues of organization of "kulak" farms exiled to remote areas of the republic and organization of labor activities in agriculture in the process of total collectivization of agriculture in Uzbekistan. In 1930-1931, information on the dislocation of 17 "ear settlements" established in the Uzbek SSR and the number of families, people, and labor activities of the deportees in them is summarized.

In this state, in order not to allow young people to fall under the influence of various foreign technologies, attention is paid to the issue of education and the true nature of Islamic religion, and also to the Koran, Sunnah, Idjma and Qiyas, which are considered to be the basic elements of Islamic law, the production of which is based on the field of furul-fiqh. Islamic law.

The works of ethnographers and archaeologists used as primary sources were analyzed while working on the article on the living conditions, climate and characteristics of the materials used by Karakalpaks over the centuries. The article talks about customs and traditions related to the country. It reveals the role and importance of the house in the life of the Karakalpak people, as well as its educational component.

The article describes the beginning of the First World War between the leading countries and the participation of the 1st Turkestan Army Corps in the military operations. The activities of the troops of the Turkestan district aimed at protecting the interests of the Russian Empire were revealed in combat operations.

This article was published on the basis of theoretical and comparative analysis of data recorded in scientifically based literature, archival documents and written sources on the trade relations between Khiva Khanate and the state of Iran and the issues of slavery in Khiva Khanate. Also, the status of Iranian slaves in Khiva Khanate and the price of slaves in the markets were covered based on scientifically based literature.

In the article, the changes that took place in Uzbekistan's industry in 1920-1930, news in the field of electricity production, newly built power plants and their capacities are highlighted based on new factual information.

In this article, the stages of formation and development of the institution of the makhalla will be covered by the example makhallas of the Tashkent. At the same time, the importance of the latest reforms carried out to improve the institution of the makhalla is highlighted. In particular, the role of makhallas in Tashkent in the development of the management of the makhalla institution is analyzed.

In an era marked by heightened concerns for data privacy and security, this research introduces a groundbreaking approach to censored data modeling through the lens of an advanced anti-regression framework. Termed as the "Guardian of Information," this novel methodology not only addresses the challenges associated with censoring but also establishes a robust defense against regression vulnerabilities. By intertwining cutting-edge techniques in machine learning and encryption, our framework ensures the safeguarding of sensitive insights while enabling accurate predictive modeling. This paper presents a detailed exploration of the Guardian of Information, emphasizing its architecture, implementation, and performance in diverse real-world scenarios. The findings highlight a paradigm shift in data modeling, offering a trustworthy solution for securing insights in the face of evolving threats to data integrity.

In this article, patriotic women in history were remembered in the example of Tomari and Qurbanjon Dodkhoh.

the article talks about the manifestation of gender stereotypes in different families and the methods that can be used to determine its level today. In this, the issues of complex research, synthesising the theoretical and practical methods of socio-cultural anthropology, gender anthropology, gender psychology, family psychology, ethnopsychology and ethnosociology, are covered.

In this article, we can learn how the ancient culture of Bukhara imagined the outside world and what kind of relations it had with which countries. With the help of the collected data, we will get more information about the ancient culture of Bukhara.

This research delves into the intricate interplay between public procurement reform and democratic decentralization, unraveling their transformative pathways within Indonesia's dynamic political landscape. Through a comprehensive analysis of policy frameworks, institutional dynamics, and socio-political implications, the study aims to illuminate the synergies and tensions shaping the nation's governance. By exploring the impact on transparency, accountability, and civic participation, this research contributes valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on political and economic development in Indonesia.

In this article, the national clothes of the population among the Tajiks of Afghanistan and Tajikistan have been separately noted. The use of various ornaments of the Tajik people, as well as their shoes, is described.

The  definitions of civil society given by well-known and classical scientists of the USA and Europe, the distortion of the concepts related to it are analyzed critically, new theoretical views that enrich the concepts of civil society are interpreted, the problems in the formation of civil society in the transitional period in Uzbekistan are defined and solutions to the problems are concluded.

The article deals with  the problems of civil society formation in post-communist Central Asian countries, particularly the Republic of Uzbekistan, which are going through a transition period. It also analyzes the negative impact of the authoritarian regimes in the state administration on the formation of civil society, the problems related to the formation of the owners' stratum and the negative consequences of their solutions.